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Chinese lantern, fringe rose-mallow or hibiscus, fringe rosemallow

African rose-mallow, cranberry hibiscus, false roselle, red-leaf hibiscus

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 3(–5) m. Stems: new growth essentially glabrous, lines of curved hairs absent. Subshrubs, 1–2(–4) m, herbage usually dark red throughout, glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy.
Stems

with line of fine, curved hairs.

Leaves

stipules narrowly triangular, 1–2.5 mm;

petiole to 1/3 blade, adaxial groove hairy with minute, ± sinuous hairs;

blade lanceolate-ovate to ovate, unlobed, 3.5–10.5 × 1.5–4 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins coarsely serrate in distal 2/3–3/4, apex acute to short-acuminate, ± pinnately veined, surfaces glabrate, nectary present abaxially on midvein near base.

stipules linear-lanceolate, (8–)10–15 mm;

petiole 1/2 to ± equaling blade, with fine, curved hairs adaxially;

blade usually dark red, broadly to transversely ovate, usually deeply 3–5-lobed, 4–10 × 3.5–10 cm, base broadly cuneate to truncate, margins crenate or crenate-serrate, apex acute to acuminate, lobes narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, surfaces glabrate, prominent slitlike nectary present abaxially on midvein near base.

Inflorescences

solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves.

solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves, sometimes together appearing racemose by reduction of subtending leaves.

Pedicels

jointed at middle or distally, 7.5–15 cm;

involucellar bractlets 6–8, triangular, 0.06–0.18 cm, margins not ciliate.

jointed near middle, to 1.2 cm;

involucellar bractlets 8–10, terete, 0.6–1.6 cm, margins setose, apices 2-fid or appendaged.

Flowers

pendulous;

calyx divided 1/8–1/2 length, often 3-lobed, tubular to narrowly funnelform, (1–)1.4–2 cm, lobes broadly triangular, apices acute to obtuse, glabrate, neither accrescent nor inflated, nectaries absent;

petals strongly recurved, rose-pink to red, darker on veins, broadly to narrowly obovate, deeply and irregularly pinnatifid-laciniate, 4–6.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, glabrous;

staminal column straight or curved apically, pendulous, pink to red, 5.5–9 cm, bearing filaments in distal 1/3–1/2, free portion of filaments not secund, 4.5–7.5 mm;

pollen yellow;

styles pink to red, 7–15 mm;

stigmas pink to red.

horizontal;

calyx divided nearly 2/3 length, funnelform-campanulate, 1.2–2 cm, lobes triangular, with 3 prominent ribs, 2 marginal, 1 medial, medial bearing nectary, apices acuminate, veins setose with pustular-based, simple hairs;

corolla funnelform-rotate, petals cream, yellow, or dull pink to dull red with veins usually darker pink, maroon basally, asymmetrically obovate, 3–5.5 × 2.5–4.5 cm, margins repand, finely hairy abaxially where exposed in bud;

staminal column straight, maroon, 1.5–2.5 cm, bearing filaments nearly throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, 1.5–2.5 mm;

pollen yellow;

styles maroon, to 1 mm;

stigmas maroon.

Capsules

brown, oblong-cylindric, 3.5–4 cm, glabrous or puberulent.

reddish brown, ovoid, 1.6–2.5 cm, apex acute or short-acuminate, weakly antrorsely hispid with simple, scattered, loose hairs.

Seeds

brown, angulately reniform-ovoid, 2–3 mm, smooth, glabrous or puberulent.

olivaceous brown, angulately reniform-ovoid, 3.5–4 mm, papillose-scaly, scales pectinate.

2n

= 34, 40, 42, 45 (all cultivars).

= 72.

Hibiscus schizopetalus

Hibiscus acetosella

Phenology Flowering year-round. Flowering mostly fall–winter.
Habitat Disturbed sites Roadsides, disturbed areas
Elevation 0–50 m (0–200 ft) 0–20 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; e Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, s Asia, elsewhere in Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia (Indonesia)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Apparently native only in Kenya, Tanzania, and perhaps Mozambique, Hibiscus schizopetalus is widely cultivated in the Tropics and occasionally escapes. The occurrence in many H. rosa-sinensis cultivars of semipendulous, long-pedicelled flowers with variously

crenate, undulate petals suggests the involvement of H. schizopetalus. Hybrids between H. schizopetalus and H. rosa-sinensis can be called H. ×archeri W. Watson. Typification of H. schizopetalus was discussed by M. Cheek (1989).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hibiscus acetosella is cultivated as an ornamental and as a salad plant and occasionally escapes. It apparently originated in Africa, perhaps as an amphidiploidized hybrid between H. asper Hooker f. and H. surattensis Linnaeus (M. Y. Menzel 1986) and may no longer exist there or anywhere else truly in the wild (F. D. Wilson 1994).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 261. FNA vol. 6, p. 260.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus
Sibling taxa
H. acetosella, H. aculeatus, H. biseptus, H. clypeatus, H. coccineus, H. coulteri, H. dasycalyx, H. denudatus, H. furcellatus, H. grandiflorus, H. laevis, H. martianus, H. moscheutos, H. mutabilis, H. poeppigii, H. radiatus, H. rosa-sinensis, H. striatus, H. syriacus, H. trionum
H. aculeatus, H. biseptus, H. clypeatus, H. coccineus, H. coulteri, H. dasycalyx, H. denudatus, H. furcellatus, H. grandiflorus, H. laevis, H. martianus, H. moscheutos, H. mutabilis, H. poeppigii, H. radiatus, H. rosa-sinensis, H. schizopetalus, H. striatus, H. syriacus, H. trionum
Synonyms H. rosa-sinensis var. schizopetalus
Name authority (Dyer) Hooker f.: Bot. Mag. 106: plate 6524. (1880) Welwitsch ex Hiern: Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 73. (1896)
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