Hibiscus coulteri |
Hibiscus radiatus |
|
---|---|---|
Coulter's hibiscus, desert rose-mallow |
Monarch rose-mallow |
|
Habit | Subshrubs, to 2 m, herbage with appressed-stellate and simple hairs throughout. | Herbs or subshrubs, erect or decumbent, to 1.5(–2) m, herbage usually glabrous, sometimes with prickles or simple hairs. |
Stems | stellate hairs of younger stems dense, appressed, 4-armed, arms approximate in pairs, aligned with stem axis, lines of fine, curved hairs absent or obscured; older growth grayish, rough, glabrescent. |
also with line of fine, curved hairs. |
Leaves | stipules linear-subulate, 3–10 mm; petiole primarily in distal 1/2, sometimes themselves shallowly pinnately lobed, surfaces scabridulous, hairs appressed-stellate, obscure nectary present abaxially on midvein near base. |
stipules linear-lanceolate, 10–16 mm, ciliate; petiole mostly 2/3 to equaling blade, with fine, curved hairs adaxially, sometimes sparingly prickly; blade broadly to transversely triangular-ovate, mostly 5-fid, 4.5–15 × 6–17 cm, base truncate or broadly and shallowly cordate, margins serrate, apex acuminate, segments lanceolate, surfaces glabrous but veins sometimes with retrorse prickles abaxially, nectary sometimes present abaxially on midvein near base. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves. |
solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves. |
Pedicels | jointed below apices, to 17 cm, usually much exceeding subtending leaves; involucellar bractlets 8–14, linear-subulate, 1–2 cm, margins ciliate. |
jointed near middle, to 1.5 cm, prickly distal to joint; involucellar bractlets 8–10, flattened or canaliculate, 1–1.8 cm, margins setose, apex simple, 2-fid, or appendaged, spreading in flower to reflexed in fruit. |
Flowers | erect or ascending; calyx divided 3/4+ length, funnelform, 1.4–2.2 cm, equaling or slightly exceeding involucel, lobes narrowly lanceolate-triangular, margins ciliate, apices attenuate, nectaries absent; corolla rotate, petals yellow to cream, usually with dark to obscure maroon lines basally, asymmetrically obovate to broadly obovate, 1.6–4 × 1–3.5 cm, margins ± entire, sparingly hairy abaxially where exposed in bud; staminal column straight, yellow or cream, 0.6–1.4 cm, bearing filaments throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, 1–3 mm; pollen yellow-orange; styles cream, 1.5–5 mm; stigmas maroon or cream. |
horizontal or ascending; calyx divided 2/3+ length, cylindric-campanulate, 1.5–2.5 cm, accrescent, lobes narrowly triangular, with 3 prominent, setose ribs, 2 marginal, 1 medial, these often darker and with stinging bristly hairs, apices acuminate-attenuate, nectary absent; corolla rotate, petals usually dark red to rose-purple, rarely yellow, with dark purple basally, asymmetrically obovate, 3.5–7 × 3–5.5 cm, margins repand, finely hairy abaxially where exposed in bud; staminal column straight, maroon, 2.4–3.5 cm, bearing filaments nearly throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, mostly 1.5–2.5 mm; pollen dull yellow; styles maroon, 1.5–3 mm; stigmas dark maroon. |
Capsules | pale olivaceous gray with darker median stripe on each valve, ovoid or ellipsoid, 0.7–1.7 cm, to 2/3 calyces, apex rounded, hairy near apex or glabrous throughout. |
pinkish brown, ovoid, 1.8–2.5 cm, apex acute, apiculate, antrorsely hispid, hairs readily deciduous, simple. |
Seeds | dark brown, angulately reniform-ovoid, 2.4–3 mm, silky-hairy ± throughout. |
dark olivaceous, with fine, raised, concentric lines, angulately reniform-ovoid, 4.2–4.8 mm, moderately verrucose-lepidote, scales striate-fimbriate. |
2n | = 72 (Trinidad, where cultivated). |
|
Hibiscus coulteri |
Hibiscus radiatus |
|
Phenology | Flowering nearly year-round. | Flowering fall. |
Habitat | Desert, rocky slopes | Disturbed sites |
Elevation | 600–1600 m (2000–5200 ft) | 0–80 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora, Zacatecas)
|
FL; TX; Asia (India) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, elsewhere in s Asia, Africa, Australia] |
Discussion | Hibiscus coulteri has been recorded in the southern half of Arizona; in Otero County, New Mexico; and in the region west of the Pecos River in Texas. A naturally occurring hybrid between Hibiscus coulteri and H. denudatus (Hibiscus ×sabei Weckesser) has recently been documented from western Texas (W. Weckesser 2011). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hibiscus radiatus may have originated in India as a garden hybrid between H. cannabinus Linnaeus and H. surattensis Linnaeus and may not exist anywhere as a native (F. D. Wilson 1994; Wilson and M. Y. Menzel 1964). Other sources (for example, J. van Borssum Waalkes 1966) state that it is native to southern and southeastern Asia. It was originally grown in North America for its potential as a fiber crop. Hibiscus cannabinus in the sense of J. K. Small (1933) pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 256. | FNA vol. 6, p. 260. |
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. cannabinus var. unidens | |
Name authority | Harvey ex A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 23. (1852) | Cavanilles: Diss. 3: 150, plate 54, fig. 2. (1787) |
Web links |