Hibiscus coulteri |
Hibiscus laevis |
|
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Coulter's hibiscus, desert rose-mallow |
halberd-leaf rose-mallow, military hibiscus, scarlet rosemallow, smooth rose-mallow, sweating-weed |
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Habit | Subshrubs, to 2 m, herbage with appressed-stellate and simple hairs throughout. | Herbs, perennial, to 2.5 m, herbage glabrous or nearly so throughout. |
Stems | stellate hairs of younger stems dense, appressed, 4-armed, arms approximate in pairs, aligned with stem axis, lines of fine, curved hairs absent or obscured; older growth grayish, rough, glabrescent. |
often glaucous. |
Leaves | stipules linear-subulate, 3–10 mm; petiole primarily in distal 1/2, sometimes themselves shallowly pinnately lobed, surfaces scabridulous, hairs appressed-stellate, obscure nectary present abaxially on midvein near base. |
stipules caducous, linear-subulate, 2–10 mm; petiole 1/2 to somewhat exceeding blade; blade narrowly to broadly ovate or triangular- or lanceolate-ovate, usually hastately 3(–5)-lobed, sometimes unlobed, 6–18 × 3–16 cm, base cordate to truncate, lobes, especially middle one, ovate to triangular, to 3 times as long as wide, margins crenate-serrate to serrate or serrate-dentate, apex acuminate to long-acuminate, surfaces glabrous, nectary absent. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves. |
solitary flowers in axils of distal leaves. |
Pedicels | jointed below apices, to 17 cm, usually much exceeding subtending leaves; involucellar bractlets 8–14, linear-subulate, 1–2 cm, margins ciliate. |
jointed distally, 1–10 cm, 1/3 to slightly exceeding subtending petioles; involucellar bractlets (8 or)9–15(or 16), linear-subulate, 1–3 cm, margins not ciliate. |
Flowers | erect or ascending; calyx divided 3/4+ length, funnelform, 1.4–2.2 cm, equaling or slightly exceeding involucel, lobes narrowly lanceolate-triangular, margins ciliate, apices attenuate, nectaries absent; corolla rotate, petals yellow to cream, usually with dark to obscure maroon lines basally, asymmetrically obovate to broadly obovate, 1.6–4 × 1–3.5 cm, margins ± entire, sparingly hairy abaxially where exposed in bud; staminal column straight, yellow or cream, 0.6–1.4 cm, bearing filaments throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, 1–3 mm; pollen yellow-orange; styles cream, 1.5–5 mm; stigmas maroon or cream. |
horizontal; calyx divided 1/3–1/2 length, broadly cylindric-campanulate, 2.5–3 cm, conspicuously larger in fruit, lobes broadly triangular, apices acute, surfaces glabrous, nectaries absent; corolla broadly funnelform, petals pink to white, red basally, obovate, 5–8 × 2–5 cm, apical margins entire to repand, finely hairy abaxially where exposed in bud; staminal column straight, pale pink to white, 2.5–4 cm, ca. 1/2 as long as petals, bearing filaments nearly throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, 2–4 mm; pollen pale pink to white; styles pale pink to white, 5–12 mm; stigmas pink. |
Capsules | pale olivaceous gray with darker median stripe on each valve, ovoid or ellipsoid, 0.7–1.7 cm, to 2/3 calyces, apex rounded, hairy near apex or glabrous throughout. |
brown, ovoid, 1.8–3 cm, apex truncate, apiculate, glabrous. |
Seeds | dark brown, angulately reniform-ovoid, 2.4–3 mm, silky-hairy ± throughout. |
reddish brown to brown, reniform-globose, 3–5 mm, hairy, hairs reddish. |
2n | = 38. |
|
Hibiscus coulteri |
Hibiscus laevis |
|
Phenology | Flowering nearly year-round. | Flowering Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Desert, rocky slopes | Edges of freshwater lakes, larger, slow-moving streams, floodplain pools, wet roadside ditches, artificial ponds |
Elevation | 600–1600 m (2000–5200 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora, Zacatecas)
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AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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Discussion | Hibiscus coulteri has been recorded in the southern half of Arizona; in Otero County, New Mexico; and in the region west of the Pecos River in Texas. A naturally occurring hybrid between Hibiscus coulteri and H. denudatus (Hibiscus ×sabei Weckesser) has recently been documented from western Texas (W. Weckesser 2011). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
B. P. G. Hochreutiner (1900) inexplicably merged Hibiscus laevis with the very different H. coccineus. Hibiscus laevis has been recorded from Pelee Island in southernmost Ontario, but the 1904 collection is thought to have represented a short-lived population, as the species apparently has not since been found there (R. L. Stuckey 1968b). A report from the Bronx, New York (R. DeCandido 1991), well northeast of its closest previously known occurrence, is likely of an introduction or an escape. There are reports of recent northward spread of Hibiscus laevis along larger streams (C. C. Deam 1940; M. L. Roberts and R. L. Stuckey 1992; Stuckey 1968b; F. H. Utech 1970). R. B. Kaul (pers. comm.) reported similar upriver increases in Nebraska on the Elkhorn, Missouri, and Platt rivers. Hibiscus laevis sometimes forms natural hybrids with H. moscheutos subsp. moscheutos, usually in man-made habitats (O. J. Blanchard 1976). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 256. | FNA vol. 6, p. 264. |
Parent taxa | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus | Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Hibiscus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. coccineus var. virginicus, H. militaris | |
Name authority | Harvey ex A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 23. (1852) | Allioni: Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Taurin., 31. (1773) |
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