Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca villosa var. nana |
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golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
hairy false goldenaster |
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Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
ascending to erect (1–60+), 9–40(–63) cm, moderately to densely hispido-strigose, abundantly long-hirsute, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
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Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
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Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
(4–)10–35(–48) mm, moderately to densely hispido-strigose, moderately to densely glandular; bracts 1–4, linear-oblong, reduced distally, not leaflike. |
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Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
cylindric to campanulate (fresh), (5.4–)6.4–8.4(–9) mm. |
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Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
11–19(–22); laminae (3.5–)6.9–11(–12) mm. |
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Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
narrowly triangular-lanceolate, margins sometimes reddish purple distally, faces sparsely to moderately strigose, sparsely to densely glandular. |
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Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
2–20(–33) in usually congested, corymbiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
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Distal | cauline leaf blades (often perpendicluar to stems), linear to broadly oblong, (6–)10–24(–32) mm, ± reduced distally, bases rounded, margins flat, apices usually acute, often obtuse, faces moderately hispido-strigose (hairs 9–56/mm2), moderately to densely stipitate-glandular (glands 2–36/mm2). |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18. |
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Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca villosa var. nana |
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Phenology | Flowering (May–)Jun–Aug(–Oct). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly limestone, sandstone and granitic soils, fissures in lava surfaces, igneous cliffs, short-grass grasslands, dry sagebrush areas, open mixed conifer forests at lower elevations, pinyon-juniper-cholla brush | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1300–2700(–2900) m (4300–8900(–9500) ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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AZ; CO; KS; NE; NM; TX; UT; WY |
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety nana is distinguished by its linear to broadly oblong, often perpendicular, distal stem leaves and often congested, corymbiform arrays. Forms of var. minor with oblong to ovate leaves generally have stems with longer internodes and fewer leaves. Plants at higher elevations in the foothills approach narrow-leaved forms of Heterotheca fulcrata in general appearance, and may hybridize with them, especially in the Laramie Hills of Wyoming. Possible hybrids between var. nana and var. foliosa occur in Colorado and Wyoming, where the two are sympatric. In the Four Corners area, var. nana grades into var. scabra, and collections often are difficult to place into one of the two taxa; both have broader leaf bases than var. minor as it occurs in the region. Rare plants in Wisconsin show similarities to both var. minor and var. nana. The variety was long known under the epithet horrida (either as a species or variety), but at the varietal rank the epithet nana is older. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 253. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca > Heterotheca villosa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | Chrysopsis canescens var. nana, Chrysopsis horrida, H. horrida, H. villosa var. horrida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | (A. Gray) Semple: Novon 4: 54. (1994) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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