Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca villosa var. foliosa |
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golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
hairy false goldenaster, leafy goldenaster |
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Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
ascending to erect, 22–41(–58) cm, moderately to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular, often abundantly long-hirsute. |
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Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
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Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
(9–)17–39 mm, moderately to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular; bracts subtending heads sometimes oblanceolate, leafy, often surpassing them. |
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Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
narrowly campanulate (fresh), 6–7.6(–8.6) mm. |
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Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
(7–)13–22, laminae 8–11.4(–12.4) mm (less showy). |
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Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
narrowly triangular-lanceolate, margins often reddish purple distally, faces moderately to densely strigose, eglandular to very sparsely glandular. |
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Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
4–24(–35) in congested to open, corymbiforms arrays. |
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Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
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Distal | cauline leaf blades oblong, rarely ovate, 11–28(–33) × 3.5–8.5(–9.7) mm, sometimes little reduced distally, bases rounded, margins flat, apices broadly acute to obtuse, faces moderately to densely hispido-strigose, (hairs sometimes obscuring faces, 25–59(–90) mm2), eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18, 36. |
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Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca villosa var. foliosa |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy shale and clay soils, sandy loam on sandstone, gypsum soils, crevices in granite and sandstone, loose talus slopes, stabilized dunes, dry coulees and flood plains, dry short-grass and semibarren prairies, grassy areas with scattered sagebrush, Ponderosa pine, aspen, and Cercocarpus, roadsides | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 600–2600 m (2000–8500 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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CO; ID; MT; ND; NE; NM; OR; SD; WA; AB; SK |
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety foliosa is most common at the base of the Front Range in Colorado and Wyoming; it occurs scattered across the northern part of its range in the mountains and western prairies. Plants that are glandular but otherwise like var. foliosa are presumed here to be hybrids with either var. minor or var. nana. Variety foliosa is most similar to var. ballardii. V. L. Harms (2003) treated Saskatchwan plants as members of more broadly defined var. villosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 251. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca > Heterotheca villosa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | Chrysopsis foliosa, Chrysopsis butleri, Chrysopsis foliosa var. imbricata, Chrysopsis imbricata, Chrysopsis villosa var. foliosa, H. foliosa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | (Nuttall) V. L. Harms: Wrightia 4: 15. (1968) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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