Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca stenophylla |
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golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
stiffleaf false goldenaster, stiffleaf goldenaster |
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Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | Perennials 18–46(–65) cm; taprooted, sometimes spreading by rhizomes, forming additional clumps. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
1–50+, ascending to erect (sometimes brown, or reddish to dark brown, often proximally brittle), often short-branched in distal 1/2, sparsely to densely long-hispid and strigose (hairs often broken off, especially proximally), sometimes becoming moderately hairy and densely stipitate-glandular distally (axillary fascicles of leaves often present). |
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Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
generally ascending, congested; proximal cauline petiolate, blades linear-oblanceolate, (15–)24–42 × (2–)3–6(–8.5) mm, bases cuneate to attenuate, margins flat, entire, strigoso-ciliate, proximally long-hispido-strigose, apices acute, faces sparsely to moderately hispido-strigose and sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular, or moderately to densely hispido-strigose and eglandular; distal sessile (bright green to grayish green), blades linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate (rarely broader), (9–)16.5–30 × (1.5–)2.2–4.3(–6) mm, usually little reduced distally (often surpassing heads), bases cuneate to attenuate, margins flat, often abundantly long-hispido-strigose along whole, apices acute, sometime mucronulate to white-spinulose, faces sparsely to moderately densely hispido-strigose (2–65 hairs/mm²; hairs often scabrous, ± pustulate), usually eglandular, sometimes sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
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Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
2–16 mm, sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–3, proximal linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, sometimes little reduced distally, leaflike. |
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Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
cylindro-turbinate to narrowly campanulate, (4.5–)5.5–8(–11) mm. |
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Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
10–24(–36); laminae (5–)7–11.5(–16.5) × 0.7–1.5(–2.1) mm. |
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Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
(12–) 23–55(–70); corollas slightly ampliate, 4.5–7 mm, throats glabrous, lobes 0.4–0.9 mm, lobes sparsely pilose (hairs on lobes 0.1–0.25 mm). |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
in 5–6 series, unequal (outer 1/5–1/4 length of inner), narrowly triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate, margins scarious, faces sparsely to moderately strigose, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
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Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
(1–)2–16(–30), in corymbiform arrays, branches ascending. |
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Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, ribs 6–10 (sometimes brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–40 bristles (4–)5–6.5(–7.5) mm, longest weakly clavate. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18, 36. |
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Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca stenophylla |
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Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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CO; IA; KS; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Heterotheca stenophylla is divided into two varieties that differ in gland and hair density. Their ranges overlap to a great extent, and intermediates occur throughout the range. Both H. stenophylla and H. canescens often have numerous, overlapping leaves and often bear axillary fascicles of leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 246. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | Chrysopsis hispida var. stenophylla, Chrysopsis stenophylla, Chrysopsis villosa var. stenophylla | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | (A. Gray) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 68. (1951) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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