Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca sessiliflora |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
golden aster, sessileflower false goldenaster, sessileflower goldenaster |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | Perennials, (10–)20–70(–110) cm; taprooted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
1–40+, decumbent to ascending or erect (sometimes ± brittle, sometimes reddish brown), moderately to densely hispido-strigose (long-spreading hairs often broken off), sometimes moderately hairy and densely stipitate-glandular distally (axillary leaf fascicles sometimes present). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
margins flat to strongly undulate; basal and proximal usually withering by flowering; proximal cauline subsessile, blades oblanceolate, (8–)15–40(–60) × (2.4–)4–8(–11) mm, bases cuneate, margins entire, strigoso-ciliate (proximal hairs longer, spreading), apices acute, faces moderately to densely hispido-strigose; distal sessile, blades usually narrowly to broadly lanceolate, sometimes oblanceolate, 6.5–40 × 1.5–8 mm, usually reduced distally, bases rounded, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose or short-strigose (5–245 hairs/mm2), sparsely to densely glandular (0–50 glands/mm2). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
2–100 mm, densely hispid, strigose, or glandular; bracts 2–5+, proximal lanceolate, leaflike, distal reduced, phyllary-like, (2–)2.5–8.5(–13) × (0.3–)0.5–1.8(–4) mm, sometimes a few, large, leafy bracts proximal to heads. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
cylindric, turbinate, or campanulate (campanulate upon drying), (6–)7.5–11(–15) mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
(4–)7–15(–24); laminae (3.5–)4.5–10.5(–18.5) × (0.7–)1–1.7(–2.4) mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
(9–)20–50(–81); corollas ± ampliate, (4–)5.5–7(–9.5) mm, glabrous to glabrate, lobes 0.4–1 mm, sparsely pilose (hairs 0.1–1 mm, osteolate-celled ones often fragile). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
in 4–6 series, mid narrowly triangular, unequal (outer lengths 1/5–1/4 inner), margins hyaline, fimbriate-ciliate apically, faces very sparsely to moderately strigose, very sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
(1–)17–36(–126) in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays, branches ascending. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
monomorphic, obconic, compressed, (1.3–)2–3(–4.5) mm, ribs 6–10, faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–45 bristles 5–8(–10) mm, longest attenuate to weakly clavate. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18, 36. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca sessiliflora |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
|
CA; nw Mexico
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora). Except for Heterotheca monarchensis, H. sessiliflora is the only species in the section with long (more than 0.25 mm), fragile, osteolate-celled hairs on the corolla lobes, and it is the only species native to the central and southern coastal ranges and valleys of California. The species is divided into four subspecies and five varieties differentiated on the basis of indument features, degree of waviness of the leaf margins, and to a lesser extent, stem height and leaf shape. The treatment here is based on J. C. Semple (1996), which includes a key to and descriptions, illustrations, and distribution maps of the varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 237. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | Chrysopsis sessiliflora, Chrysopsis villosa var. sessiliflora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | (Nuttall) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|