Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca pumila |
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golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
alpine false goldenaster, alpine goldenaster |
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Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | Perennials, (7–)12.5–30(–38) cm; taprooted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
1–75+, decumbent to ascending or erect (sometimes reddish brown), moderately appressed-strigose, sparsely long-hirsute. |
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Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, 25–56 × 4–9 mm, not stiff, bases attenuate, margins flat, entire, strigoso-ciliate, with a few, proximal, long-hispido-strigose cilia, faces ± densely strigose, sparsely stipitate-glandular; distal cauline sessile, linear-oblanceolate, little reduced to slightly longer distally, surpassing heads, margins entire, rarely slightly undulate, apices acute, faces moderately strigose, sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
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Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
2–10 mm, moderately strigoso-canescent, long-hispid hairs few, sparsely stipitate-glandular; bracts grading from leaves, reduced proximal to heads, those subtending heads usually 1–5, narrowly oblanceolate, (large) 6.5–15 × 0.9–2.5 mm, leaflike. |
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Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
cylindric to campanulate, (6.3–)7.6–12 mm. |
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Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
10–23; laminae (8–)10–15 × 1–2.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
(16–)24–60(–73); corollas barely ampliate, 4.6–7.1 mm, throats glabrous, lobes 0.5–1 mm, glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.25 mm). |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
in 4–5 series, slightly reddish purple distally, lanceolate, unequal, margins scarious, faces moderately strigose, eglandular or sparsely stipitate-glandular. |
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Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
1–9(–20), borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–3 mm, ribs 7–11, faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 35–45 bristles 4.7–7 mm, longest attenuate. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18, 36. |
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Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca pumila |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug(–Sep). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Granitic outcrops, roadsides, rocky soils, clay or shale soils, subalpine and alpine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 2900–3800 m (9500–12500 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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CO; UT; WY
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Heterotheca pumila grows in subalpine and alpine sites in Colorado, southeastern Utah (Lasalle Mountains), and southern Wyoming, where it is very rare. It is most similar to H. villosa var. minor, which in the range of sympatry has larger heads but smaller distal cauline leaves than are typically found in H. pumila. Reports of occurrence of H. pumila from Arizona and New Mexico are based on narrow-leaved plants of H. fulcrata var. amplifolia with small ovate-lanceolate bracts subtending the heads. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 245. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | Chrysopsis pumila, Chrysopsis alpicola, Chrysopsis alpicola var. glomerata, Chrysopsis cooperi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | (Greene) Semple: Brittonia 39: 383. (1987) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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