Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca monarchensis |
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golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
Monarch goldenaster, sequoia false goldenaster |
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Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | Perennials, 9–17.5 cm; taprooted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
1–25+, ascending-erect, moderately to densely hispid. |
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Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate to obovate, 11–17(–25) × 2–3.7(–5) mm, bases cuneate, margins ± undulate, entire, strigoso-ciliate (proximal cilia long, spreading, numerous), apices acute, faces moderately to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely stipitate-glandular; distal narrowly oblanceolate, little reduced distally. |
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Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
2–5(–10) mm, densely hispid, sparsely stipitate-glandular; bracts leaflike, sometimes surpassing involucres, those subtending heads narrower than leaves. |
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Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
cylindro-turbinate (campanulate upon drying), 6–7.5(–8.5) mm. |
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Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
(8–)12–16(–19); laminae 10–14 × 1–2 mm. |
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Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
30–45; corollas ± ampliate, 5–6 mm, tubes sparsely pilose distally, lobes 0.45–0.7 mm, sparsely pilose (hairs 0.2–0.6 mm). |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
in 3–4 series, unequal (outer lengths 1/4–1/2 inner), margins scarious, faces moderately strigose, sparsely stipitate-glandular. |
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Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
1–2(–5), borne singly or in corymbiform arrays, branches ascending. |
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Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
monomorphic, obconic, somewhat compressed, 2–3 mm, ribs 9–11, shallow, faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–40 bristles 5–6.5 mm, longest weakly clavate. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18. |
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Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca monarchensis |
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Phenology | Flowering (May–)Jun–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Cracks, ledges, and flats on limestone, coarse sandy flats at base of cliffs, in single-leaf pine and yucca scrub communities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1000–1900 m (3300–6200 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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CA |
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Heterotheca monarchensis grows only in Kings River Canyon, northeastern Fresno County. It can be superficially similar to densely hairy specimens of H. sessiliflora var. bolanderioides and to individuals of subsp. sessiliflora that are silvery white, but those usually have ovate-lanceolate distal cauline leaves, while H. monarchensis has oblanceolate ones. All three can have heads partially surrounded by distal leaves and long, subtending, leaflike bracts. Their ranges do not overlap, however. Specimens of H. monarchensis can be confused with H. villosa varieties; the latter lack the long, thin corolla hairs. The species has a small number of known populations and is therefore of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 241. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | D. A. York: in J. C. Semple, Rev. Heterotheca Phyllotheca, 52, fig. 20. (1996) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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