Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca marginata |
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golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
Sonora false goldenaster |
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Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | Perennials, 38–80 cm, herbage abundantly long-hirsute; taprooted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
1–40, ascending to erect (sometimes reddish brown proximally, brittle), sometimes arching, hispido-scabrous (axillary leaf fascicles often present). |
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Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
cauline stiff; proximal petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (180–)240–550 × 4–7(–9) mm, bases convex-cuneate, margins entire, strigoso-ciliate, with many long-hispido-strigose cilia all along, apices acute, mucronate, faces sparsely to moderately, coarsely hispido-scabrous, sparsely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades oblanceolate, 14–31 × 3.3–5.2 mm, reduced distally, apices acute. |
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Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
12–29 mm, moderately to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely stipitate-glandular; bracts 0–3, linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, sparsely to moderately hispido-scabrous, sparsely stipitate-glandular. |
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Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
campanulate, 6.5–9(–10) mm. |
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Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
10–15; laminae 9–14.5 × 1-2.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
(25–)31–46(–50); corollas barely ampliate, 4.5–7.5 mm, tubes and throats glabrate, lobes 0.4–0.9 mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.2–0.3 mm). |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
in 4–5 series, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, unequal (outer lengths 1/5–1/4 inner), scarious, faces moderately strigose (larger hairs to 1 mm), eglandular to sparsely stipitate-glandular. |
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Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
8–50(–78), in open paniculiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.5–3.2 mm, ribs 8–10 (sometimes brownish), faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.5–1 mm, inner of 35–45 bristle 4.6–7.4 mm, longest acute to weakly clavate. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18, 36. |
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Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca marginata |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Oct(–Nov). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Gravelly soils and crevices in sandstone outcrops, roadside margins and banks, dry hillsides, desert grassland hillsides around streams, chaparral transition areas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 600–900 m (2000–3000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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AZ |
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Heterotheca marginata grows in the Superstition and Pinal mountains. It is characterized by its numerous, long, hispido-strigose hairs along the entire margins of its distal leaves and peduncle bracts. The hairs give the plants a light gray-green appearance from a distance. The leaves are stiff, unlike other taxa in the section. It is similar to H. fulcrata var. arizonica, which is more glandular and typically has narrowly ovate to lanceolate bracts subtending smaller heads, and H. fulcrata var. senilis, which can be similar in indument but typically has more ovate leaves and heads subtended by narrowly ovate to lanceolate bracts. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 245. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | Semple: Rev. Heterotheca Pyllotheca, 83, fig. 20. (1996) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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