Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca jonesii |
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golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
Jones' false goldenaster, Jones' goldenaster |
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Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | Perennials, 2.3–6 cm (forming dwarf cushions); taprooted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
1–50, usually decumbent, sometimes ascending (proximal parts often buried in sand) simple, moderately to densely strigose, sparsely hispid, eglandular. |
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Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
proximal cauline subpetiolate, blades oblanceolate, 4.8–12.5(–15) × 1.5–3 mm, bases cuneate, margins flat (often curling upon drying), entire, strigoso-ciliate, long-hispid proximally, apices acute, faces moderately to densely strigose, hispid hairs few; distal sessile, narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, (3.5–)5–10 × 1.1–2.4(–3.2) mm, little reduced distally, faces moderately to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular. |
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Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
3–5 mm, densely strigose, hispid hairs few; bracts leaflike, little reduced distally. |
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Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
cylindric to narrowly campanulate, 5–7 mm. |
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Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
7–11; laminae 6–8.5 × 0.6–1.6 mm. |
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Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
10–21; corollas ± ampliate, 3.5–4.8 mm, throats glabrous, lobes (0.3–)0.5–1 mm, sparsely pilose (hairs 0.1–0.3 mm). |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
in 4–5 series, unequal (outer 1/5–1/4 length of inner), mid lanceolate, mid to distal margins anthocyanotic, moderately strigose, eglandular. |
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Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
borne singly. |
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Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
monocarpic, obconic, compressed, 1–2.5 mm, ribs 7–10 (often brownish), faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–35 bristles 3.9–6.5 mm, longest weakly clavate. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18. |
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Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca jonesii |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Bare sandy or gravelly soils, sand pockets in rock crevices of cliffs, exposed Navajo and Kaiparowits sandstone formations, pine-juniper scrub and ponderosa pine woods | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1200–2800 m (3900–9200 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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UT |
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Heterotheca jonesii is known only from southwestern Utah. It forms dwarf cushions often partially buried in sand. Robust shoots are similar in general appearance to H. villosa var. depressa, which is stipitate-glandular and occurs in northwestern Wyoming. H. jonesii frequently occurs sympatrically with H. villosa var. scabra, a glandular, green-leaved and more robust taxon that is unlikely to be confused with it. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 248. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | Chrysopsis jonesii | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | (S. F. Blake) S. L. Welsh & N. D. Atwood: Great Basin Naturalist 35: 336. (1976) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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