Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca camporum |
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golden-aster, hairy false goldenaster, hairy goldaster, hairy golden-aster |
lemonyellow false goldenaster |
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Habit | Perennials, (5–)16–40(–70) cm; taprooted. | Perennials, 35–110(–150) cm; taprooted, spreading by rhizomes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish brown, sometimes whitish distally, sometimes ± brittle), sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, sparsely to abundantly long-hispid, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
1–30(–100), ascending to erect (sometimes reddish brown, sometimes ± brittle), appressed-strigose, sparsely to moderately long-hirsute, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular, more densely so distally; axillary fascicles absent. |
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Leaves | generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–)220–400(–600) × (2–)4–8(–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually entire, rarely with 1–2 apical teeth, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; distal sessile, blades usually lanceolate or oblanceolate to oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–)15–28(–42) × (1.5–)3.5–7(–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute to obtuse, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. |
proximal cauline subpetiolate to sessile, blades oblanceolate, 38–73 cm × 6–15(–18) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, sparsely serrate, strigoso-ciliate, with a few long cilia proximally, faces moderately long-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular; distal sessile (usually spreading, sometimes perpendicular), blades usually narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, rarely obovate or ovate, little reduced distally (not stiff), margins sparsely serrate (not long-ciliate), faces moderately strigose, sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
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Peduncles | (4–)15–41(–98) mm, sparsely to densely hispido-canescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–7+, usually linear-oblanceolate, rarely leaflike and linear-oblanceolate, usually greatly reduced, margins usually flat, rarely remotely undulate, strigoso-ciliate, sparsely to abundantly long-hispido-strigose proximally, apices acute, sometimes mucronate, faces sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; rarely 1–2 leaflike, oblanceolate bracts subtending heads. |
5–35 mm, short-hispido-strigose, sometimes stipitate-glandular; bracts 1–3, proximal leaflike, becoming linear-lanceolate, less hairy and more stipitate-glandular distally, larger bracts subtending heads absent or very rare. |
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Involucres | narrowly cylindric to campanulate, (5–)6–9.5(–13) mm. |
cylindric to campanulo-hemispheric, 7–9(–10.5) mm. |
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Ray florets | (5–)10–20(–38); laminae (3.5–)6.5–11(–20) × 1–2(–3) mm. |
16–29(–38); laminae 10.5–17(–21.5) × 1–2(–2.6) mm. |
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Disc florets | (10–)20–50(–85); corollas barely ampliate, (4–)5–6(–8) mm, glabrous or glabrate (few, minute hairs), lobes 0.4–0.75(–1) mm, glabrous or glabrate (hairs 0.1–0.35 mm). |
(23–)32–66; corolla barely ampliate, 5–6.6 mm, glabrous, lobes 0.5–1 mm, glabrous or glabrate. |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or triangular-lancelate, unequal (outer 1/5–1/3 length of inner), margins scarious, sometimes reddish purple distally, ciliate distally or apically, faces sparsely to densely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
in 4–5 series, outer and mid narrowly triangular, unequal, margins hyaline, fimbriate-ciliate apically, faces sparsely strigose, eglandular or sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. |
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Heads | 1–16(–42), in usually open, corymbiform, rarely paniculiform arrays. |
(1–)5–24, usually in open to congested corymbiform arrays, sometimes borne singly, on long peduncular branches. |
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Cypselae | monomorphic, obconic, compressed, 1.7–2.7(–3.4) mm, ribs 4–8(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–)5–6.5(–8.5) mm, longest weakly clavate (usually equaling or longer than corollas). |
monomorphic, compressed obconic, 1.7–3.9 mm, ribs 7–10 (often brownish), faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.2–1 mm, inner of bristles 5–7 mm, longest weakly clavate. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
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Heterotheca villosa |
Heterotheca camporum |
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Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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AL; AR; IL; IN; KY; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; TN; VA
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Heterotheca villosa is variable in stem height, leaf base shape, stem and leaf indument, number of heads, and number of florets. Thus, the species is difficult to circumscribe because each variety has a suite of diagnostic traits and a distribution that is restricted to a portion of the range of the species. Generally, var. minor (glandular), and to a lesser extent, var. foliosa (eglandular) are the glue holding the other varieties together in a widely distributed polymorphic species; this is comparable to the situation in H. sessiliflora, in which var. echioides is the glue. Variety minor hybridizes with all other varieties. Numerous local races occur that are sometimes quite distinct when extreme, but they intergrade with one or more other races, especially in var. minor (J. C. Semple 1996). The species is divided here on the basis of indument features, leaf shape, and stem height, paralleling the infraspecific treatments of H. fulcrata and H. sessiliflora. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and Cronquist (1994) acknowledged the variability of the species and the existence of many local races, but lumped most of these into var. villosa and var. hispida of Chrysopsis villosa, in which they also included H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. pumila, H. stenophylla var. angustifolia, H. viscida, and H. zionensis. Diploid races are usually distinct from each other, but each has given rise to one or more tetraploid lines that are less distinct. The treatment here is based on the detailed presentation in Semple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Chance introductions (usually emphemeral) of Heterotheca camporum have occurred in Michigan, New Jersey, and likely other eastern states. Heterotheca camporum has well-developed serrations along the margins of its distal cauline leaves, which no other species has, although basal leaves in some species may have one or two serrations distally. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 2. | FNA vol. 20, p. 255. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Amellus villosus, Chrysopsis villosa, Diplogon villosum, Diplopappus villosus | Chrysopsis camporum, Chrysopsis villosa var. camporum, H. villosa var. camporum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | (Greene) Shinners: Field & Lab. 19: 71. (1951) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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