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slender dwarf-flax, slender western flax, slender western or dwarf flax

flax family

Habit Herbs, 10–30(–50) cm, glabrous or glabrate; branches from distal nodes, alternate, widely spreading. Herbs or subshrubs [shrubs, trees, vines], annual, biennial, or perennial.
Leaves

alternate;

stipular glands absent or minute;

blade linear or narrowly oblong, 10–35 × 0.5–2(–2.5) mm, base flat, not clasping, margins without stalked glands.

alternate, opposite, or whorled, simple;

stipules absent or present as small, dark, spheric glands;

petiole usually absent, rarely present;

blade margins entire, serrate, or denticulate;

venation pinnate.

Inflorescences

cymes monochasial (helicoid), open, internodes long, flowers widely scattered;

bract margins without prominent glands.

terminal, racemes, panicles, or cymes (rarely thyrses or corymbs in Linum) [spikes].

Pedicels

5–15(–25) mm, 5–25 mm in fruit, pendent in bud, deflexed at 90° angle, slightly bent at apex.

Flowers

sepals erect, not reflexed at tip, ovate, 1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm, equal, margins minutely gland-toothed, surfaces glabrous;

petals widely spreading to reflexed, white or pale pink, usually darker-veined, obovate, 4–7 mm, apex obtuse;

cup white, rim petal attachments in indentations;

stamens exserted;

filaments (3–)4–5(–7) mm;

anthers pink to red-purple, white-margined, dehisced anthers 1.2–2 mm;

ovary chambers 6;

styles 3, white, 3.5–7 mm, exserted.

bisexual;

perianth and androecium hypogynous;

hypanthium absent;

sepals 4–5, connate basally [distinct];

petals 4–5, distinct or coherent basally, imbricate or convolute, bases sometimes with appendages;

nectary extrastaminal;

stamens 4–5 [10], connate basally, filament tube and petal bases adherent or adnate [free];

anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits;

pistil 1, 2–5-carpellate, ovary superior, 4–5-locular, placentation axile or apical-axile;

ovules 2 per locule, anatropous;

styles 2–5, distinct or partly connate;

stigmas 2–5.

Fruits

capsules, dehiscence septicidal, or indehiscent or schizocarps breaking into 4 nutlets (Sclerolinon).

Seeds

2 per locule, seed coat often mucilaginous.

2n

= 36.

Hesperolinon spergulinum

Linaceae

Phenology Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Chaparral or woodland margins, serpentine soils.
Elevation 100–1000 m. (300–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Hesperolinon spergulinum occurs in the central and southern North Coast Ranges; there are historical reports from Santa Clara County. The pendent buds, a result of the deflexed and sometimes downward-curved pedicel, and the relatively long styles and stamens are distinctive. The petal appendages are relatively well developed in H. spergulinum; the ligule may be as large as 1 mm and hairy.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 10–14, species ca. 260 (4 genera, 52 species in the flora).

Two subfamilies are generally recognized in Linaceae, the mostly herbaceous, temperate Linoideae Arnott (8 genera, ca. 240 species), in which all the genera in the flora area are placed, and the woody, mostly tropical Hugonoideae Reveal. Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, J. R. McDill et al. (2009) concluded that Linaceae is a monophyletic group, as is Linoideae.

According to J. R. McDill (2009), Cliococca Babington, Hesperolinon, and Sclerolinon are nested within Linum sect. Linopsis, and collectively these are sister to Radiola; Hesperolinon and Sclerolinon are most closely related to Mexican and Central American species of Linum. McDill et al. (2009) noted that the relationships within this clade are not well-enough resolved or supported to warrant nomenclatural changes; McDill (2009) came to the same conclusion based on a much wider sample of species. The current generic circumscriptions are maintained here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Sepals 4; petals 4.
Radiola
1. Sepals 5; petals 5.
→ 2
2. Styles 5; fruits capsules, dehiscing into 5 or 10 segments.
Linum
2. Styles 2–3; fruits capsules dehiscing into 4 or 6 segments, schizocarps breaking into 4 nutlets, or indehiscent.
→ 3
3. Leaves: basal and proximal usually whorled, distal alternate or opposite; fruits capsules, dehiscing into 4 or 6 segments; styles 2–3, stigmas ± equal in width to styles; stipular glands present (exudate often red) or absent.
Hesperolinon
3. Leaves: proximal opposite, distal sometimes alternate; fruits schizocarps, breaking into 4 nutlets, or indehiscent; styles 2, stigmas wider than styles; stipular glands absent.
Sclerolinon
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 398. FNA vol. 12, p. 371. Author: Nancy R. Morin.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Hesperolinon
Sibling taxa
H. adenophyllum, H. bicarpellatum, H. breweri, H. californicum, H. clevelandii, H. congestum, H. didymocarpum, H. disjunctum, H. drymarioides, H. micranthum, H. sharsmithiae, H. tehamense
Subordinate taxa
Hesperolinon, Linum, Radiola, Sclerolinon
Synonyms Linum spergulinum
Name authority (A. Gray) Small: in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 25: 86. (1907) de Candolle ex Perleb
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