Hesperis |
Hesperis matronalis |
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dame's-rocket, dame's-violet, rocket |
dame's-rocket, dames'-violet, mother-of-the-evening, rocket, sweet rocket |
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Habit | Plants with caudex; not scapose; pubescent or glabrous, trichomes simple and/or forked, often mixed with unicellular glands on uniseriate stalks. | |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched. |
unbranched basally, often branched distally, 4–8(–11) dm, often eglandular, glabrous distally. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate [sessile]; basal rosulate [not rosulate], blade margins entire, dentate, or pinnatifid; cauline similar to basal. |
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Basal leaves | withered by flowering, long-petiolate. |
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Cauline leaves | short-petiolate; blade narrowly oblong, lanceolate, or broadly ovate, (2–)4–15(–20) cm × (4–)8–40(–60) mm, base cuneate, margins denticulate or entire, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces pubescent. |
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Racemes | (corymbose), considerably elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals oblong [linear], (sometimes connivent), lateral pair strongly saccate basally, (pubescent or glabrous); petals obovate [oblong], (much longer than sepals), claw distinctly differentiated from blade, (apex rounded [obtuse]); stamens strongly tetradynamous; filaments (erect), slender or dilated basally; anthers linear [oblong], (apex obtuse); nectar glands (2), lateral, annular or lunar. |
sepals 5–8 × 1.5–2 mm; petals (13–)15–20(–22) × 3.5–9 mm, claw 6–12 mm; filaments 2.5–6 mm; anthers 2.5–4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or ascending [reflexed], slender or stout. |
(5–)7–17(–25) mm. |
Fruits | tardily dehiscent, sessile, linear, torulose; valves each with prominent midvein, glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules 4–40 per ovary; style obsolete or distinct (relatively short); stigma conical (lobes prominent, connivent or distinct, decurrent). |
(4–)6–10(–14) cm × 2–2.5 mm. |
Seeds | plump, not winged, oblong; seed coat (reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent. |
(2.5–)3–4 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
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Hesperis |
Hesperis matronalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |
Habitat | Gardens, roadsides, oak glades, waste areas, bluffs, floodplains, abandoned fields, railroad embankments, thickets, woodland | |
Elevation | 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft) | |
Distribution |
se Europe; c Asia; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile)] |
AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; se Europe; c Asia; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile)]
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Discussion | Species 25 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 562. | FNA vol. 7, p. 562. |
Parent taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 663. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 297. (1754) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 663. (1753) |
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