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dame's-rocket, dame's-violet, rocket

dame's-rocket, dames'-violet, mother-of-the-evening, rocket, sweet rocket

Habit Plants with caudex; not scapose; pubescent or glabrous, trichomes simple and/or forked, often mixed with unicellular glands on uniseriate stalks.
Stems

erect, unbranched or branched.

unbranched basally, often branched distally, 4–8(–11) dm, often eglandular, glabrous distally.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiolate [sessile];

basal rosulate [not rosulate], blade margins entire, dentate, or pinnatifid;

cauline similar to basal.

Basal leaves

withered by flowering, long-petiolate.

Cauline leaves

short-petiolate;

blade narrowly oblong, lanceolate, or broadly ovate, (2–)4–15(–20) cm × (4–)8–40(–60) mm, base cuneate, margins denticulate or entire, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces pubescent.

Racemes

(corymbose), considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong [linear], (sometimes connivent), lateral pair strongly saccate basally, (pubescent or glabrous);

petals obovate [oblong], (much longer than sepals), claw distinctly differentiated from blade, (apex rounded [obtuse]);

stamens strongly tetradynamous;

filaments (erect), slender or dilated basally;

anthers linear [oblong], (apex obtuse);

nectar glands (2), lateral, annular or lunar.

sepals 5–8 × 1.5–2 mm;

petals (13–)15–20(–22) × 3.5–9 mm, claw 6–12 mm;

filaments 2.5–6 mm;

anthers 2.5–4 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate or ascending [reflexed], slender or stout.

(5–)7–17(–25) mm.

Fruits

tardily dehiscent, sessile, linear, torulose;

valves each with prominent midvein, glabrous;

replum rounded;

septum complete;

ovules 4–40 per ovary;

style obsolete or distinct (relatively short);

stigma conical (lobes prominent, connivent or distinct, decurrent).

(4–)6–10(–14) cm × 2–2.5 mm.

Seeds

plump, not winged, oblong;

seed coat (reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons incumbent.

(2.5–)3–4 × 1–1.5 mm.

2n

= 24.

Hesperis

Hesperis matronalis

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Gardens, roadsides, oak glades, waste areas, bluffs, floodplains, abandoned fields, railroad embankments, thickets, woodland
Elevation 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
se Europe; c Asia; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile)]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; se Europe; c Asia; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 25 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 562. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz. FNA vol. 7, p. 562.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Hesperideae Brassicaceae > tribe Hesperideae > Hesperis
Subordinate taxa
H. matronalis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 663. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 297. (1754) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 663. (1753)
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