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dame's-rocket, dame's-violet, rocket

Habit Plants with caudex; not scapose; pubescent or glabrous, trichomes simple and/or forked, often mixed with unicellular glands on uniseriate stalks. Biennials [annuals, perennials]; glandular (glands unicellular on a few-celled, uniseriate stalk).
Stems

erect, unbranched or branched.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiolate [sessile];

basal rosulate [not rosulate], blade margins entire, dentate, or pinnatifid;

cauline similar to basal.

Cauline leaves

petiolate [sessile];

blade base not auriculate [auriculate], margins usually dentate.

Trichomes

stalked, forked, and simple.

Racemes

(corymbose), considerably elongated in fruit.

ebracteate or bracteate, elongated [not elongated] in fruit.

Flowers

sepals oblong [linear], (sometimes connivent), lateral pair strongly saccate basally, (pubescent or glabrous);

petals obovate [oblong], (much longer than sepals), claw distinctly differentiated from blade, (apex rounded [obtuse]);

stamens strongly tetradynamous;

filaments (erect), slender or dilated basally;

anthers linear [oblong], (apex obtuse);

nectar glands (2), lateral, annular or lunar.

actinomorphic;

sepals erect, lateral pair often saccate basally;

petals white, lavender, or purple [yellow, orange, green, or brown], claw present, distinct;

filaments unappendaged, not winged;

pollen 3-colpate.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate or ascending [reflexed], slender or stout.

Fruits

tardily dehiscent, sessile, linear, torulose;

valves each with prominent midvein, glabrous;

replum rounded;

septum complete;

ovules 4–40 per ovary;

style obsolete or distinct (relatively short);

stigma conical (lobes prominent, connivent or distinct, decurrent).

siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, terete [4-angled, latiseptate];

ovules 4–40[–numerous] per ovary;

style obsolete or distinct;

stigma strongly 2-lobed.

Seeds

plump, not winged, oblong;

seed coat (reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons incumbent.

uniseriate;

cotyledons incumbent.

Hesperis

Brassicaceae tribe Hesperideae

Distribution
from USDA
se Europe; c Asia; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile)]
[BONAP county map]
Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
Discussion

Species 25 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genus 1, species 25 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 562. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz. FNA vol. 7, p. 561.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Hesperideae Brassicaceae
Subordinate taxa
H. matronalis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 663. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 297. (1754) Prantl: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 55[III,2]: 154. (1891)
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