Herzogiella turfacea |
Hypnaceae |
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herzodiella moss |
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Habit | Plants in thin mats, light green to yellowish. | Plants small to large, lax to dense, in tufts or mats, dark green, yellow-green, golden green, or orange, sometimes reddish brown or nearly black, often lustrous. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stem(s) | 3 cm, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, creeping. |
and branch leaves similar or less commonly differentiated, straight to homomallous, often falcate-secund, usually ovate-lanceolate, often asymmetric, sometimes linear, lanceolate, or triangular, occasionally plicate; base sometimes decurrent; margins often plane, occasionally recurved proximally or throughout, entire or toothed; apex obtuse to acuminate; costa double, short, to obscure or ecostate; alar cells usually differentiated, often quadrate to short-rectangular, sometimes enlarged and inflated, pigmented or similar in color to other cells, excavate or plane; medial and distal laminal cells linear, hexagonal, or elongate-sinuate, smooth, sometimes prorulose at distal ends on abaxial surface. |
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Leaves | squarrose-spreading, sometimes erect-spreading, usually appearing distichous and complanate due to twisting of leaves to form 2 rows on opposite sides of stems and branches, not or weakly plicate, 1–2 × 0.3–0.7 mm; base not decurrent or sometimes 1–3 short cells indistinctly decurrent; margins serrulate to serrate; alar cells quadrate to short-rectangular on margins, sometimes 1 cell at extreme basal angle, rounded to oval and inflated, 14–34 × 9–22 µm, green; basal laminal cell walls pitted, indistinctly pitted distally, sometimes pits absent; medial cells 43–80 × 3–6 µm. Sexual condition autoicous. |
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Seta | light brown to red, 1.2–2 cm. |
elongate, smooth (occasionally scabrous near capsule in Ctenidium). |
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Sexual condition | autoicous, dioicous, or phyllodioicous. |
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Capsule | inclined, light brown, oblong to cylindric, slightly arcuate, 0.8–2 × 0.3–0.6 mm, contracted below mouth when dry; operculum conic to conic-apiculate, 0.3–0.4 mm. |
inclined, horizontal, or sometimes erect, cylindric or ovoid, usually smooth, often constricted below mouth when dry and empty; operculum conic or rostrate; peristome usually double; exostome teeth 16, external surface cross striate basally, papillose distally, sometimes bordered, internal surface often trabeculate; endostome usually free, sometimes fused to exostome, basal membrane high or rarely low, segments 16, cilia 1–3, nodose, rarely rudimentary or absent. |
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Calyptra | cucullate, smooth (weakly prorulose distally in Ctenidium), naked or rarely hairy. |
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Spores | 10–15 µm. |
spheric to ovoid, usually finely papillose, rarely smooth. |
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Specialized | asexual reproduction sometimes by leafy propagula or filamentous gemmae clustered in leaf axils. |
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Herzogiella turfacea |
Hypnaceae |
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Phenology | Capsules mature summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Coniferous woods, swamps, humus, base of trees, rotten logs, stumps, rock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | low to moderate elevations (30-500 m) (low to moderate elevations (100-1600 ft)) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CT; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; SD; VA; VT; WI; AB; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Europe; Asia
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Nearly worldwide; most diverse in subtropics and tropics |
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Discussion | Herzogiella turfacea is characterized by the often distant, erect- to wide-spreading, sometimes plicate leaves, appearing distichous due to their twisting to opposite sides of the stems and branches, poorly differentiated alar cells, and striate capsules. The species is common in northeastern North America between 40–50º N but rare farther south in North and South Carolina and Virginia. It is known from only a few scattered localities in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Illinois, Montana, Ohio, and South Dakota. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 60, species ca. 600 (19 genera, 62 species in the flora). Hypnaceae are taxonomically problematic; the family once held a high proportion of pleurocarpous species, but as genera are monographed, they are often placed in other families. The distinctive hypnoid peristome has been used as a significant feature, but this is not entirely reliable. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 28, p. 528. | FNA vol. 28, p. 515. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Hypnaceae > Herzogiella | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Hypnum turfaceum, Dolichotheca turfacea, H. pseudosilesiacum, Isopterygium turfaceum, Plagiothecium sulcatum, P. turfaceum, Sharpiella turfacea | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Lindberg) Z. Iwatsuki: J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 33: 375. (1970) | Schimper | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |