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bristly ox-tongue

ox-tongue

Habit Annuals or biennials, 10–100+ cm; taprooted.
Stems

usually 1, erect, branched distally or throughout, hirsute to hispid or setose (hair tips 2–4-hooked).

Leaves

blades 50–150(–250) × 10–50(–80+) mm.

basal and cauline;

basal ± petiolate, distal sessile;

blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblong, or ovate, margins usually dentate to pinnately lobed (faces hirsute to hispid, hair tips 2–4-hooked).

Peduncles

1–5+ cm, bristly hispid.

(terminal and axillary) not inflated distally, seldom bracteate.

Involucres

ovoid to urceolate, 9–12+ mm diam. (larger in fruit).

Receptacles

flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate.

Florets

30–60+;

corollas yellow (often reddish abaxially).

Phyllaries

often sigmoid in fruit, abaxial faces and tips bristly.

(5–)8–13+ in 1 series, lance-linear to linear, subequal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices acuminate.

Calyculi

bracts 9–15+ × 3–5+ mm, margins and tips bristly-ciliate.

of (3–)5, cordate or ovate to lance-ovate, foliaceous bracts.

Heads

borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

bodies 2.5–3 mm, beaks 2.5–5 mm;

pappi 4–7 mm.

(dimorphic): outer whitish, bodies gibbous, ribs 5–10, beaks about equaling bodies, fragile, faces hirtellous to pilosulous adaxially;

inner reddish brown, bodies ± compressed-ellipsoid to fusiform, beaks about equaling or longer than bodies, fragile, faces transversely rugulose to muricate, otherwise glabrous;

pappi persistent, of 10–15+, whitish, subequal, barbellate or plumose, subulate to setiform (basally connate) scales in 1–2 series.

x

= 5.

2n

= 10.

Helminthotheca echioides

Helminthotheca

Phenology Flowering May–Nov.
Habitat Disturbed sites
Elevation 0–50(–500) m (0–200(–1600) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CT; DC; IA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MT; ND; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; VA; VT; AB; NB; ON; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America; widely introduced elsewhere]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Europe [Introduced in North America; widely introduced]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Reports for British Columbia and Nova Scotia need confirmation.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 4 (1 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 300. FNA vol. 19, p. 300. Author: John L. Strother.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Helminthotheca Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae
Subordinate taxa
H. echioides
Synonyms Picris echioides
Name authority (Linnaeus) Holub: Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 176. (1973) Zinn: Cat. Pl. Hort. Gott., 430. (1757)
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