Helminthotheca echioides |
Helminthotheca |
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bristly ox-tongue |
ox-tongue |
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Habit | Annuals or biennials, 10–100+ cm; taprooted. | |
Stems | usually 1, erect, branched distally or throughout, hirsute to hispid or setose (hair tips 2–4-hooked). |
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Leaves | blades 50–150(–250) × 10–50(–80+) mm. |
basal and cauline; basal ± petiolate, distal sessile; blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblong, or ovate, margins usually dentate to pinnately lobed (faces hirsute to hispid, hair tips 2–4-hooked). |
Peduncles | 1–5+ cm, bristly hispid. |
(terminal and axillary) not inflated distally, seldom bracteate. |
Involucres | ovoid to urceolate, 9–12+ mm diam. (larger in fruit). |
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Receptacles | flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. |
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Florets | 30–60+; corollas yellow (often reddish abaxially). |
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Phyllaries | often sigmoid in fruit, abaxial faces and tips bristly. |
(5–)8–13+ in 1 series, lance-linear to linear, subequal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices acuminate. |
Calyculi | bracts 9–15+ × 3–5+ mm, margins and tips bristly-ciliate. |
of (3–)5, cordate or ovate to lance-ovate, foliaceous bracts. |
Heads | borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | bodies 2.5–3 mm, beaks 2.5–5 mm; pappi 4–7 mm. |
(dimorphic): outer whitish, bodies gibbous, ribs 5–10, beaks about equaling bodies, fragile, faces hirtellous to pilosulous adaxially; inner reddish brown, bodies ± compressed-ellipsoid to fusiform, beaks about equaling or longer than bodies, fragile, faces transversely rugulose to muricate, otherwise glabrous; pappi persistent, of 10–15+, whitish, subequal, barbellate or plumose, subulate to setiform (basally connate) scales in 1–2 series. |
x | = 5. |
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2n | = 10. |
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Helminthotheca echioides |
Helminthotheca |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Nov. | |
Habitat | Disturbed sites | |
Elevation | 0–50(–500) m (0–200(–1600) ft) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CT; DC; IA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MT; ND; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; VA; VT; AB; NB; ON; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America; widely introduced elsewhere]
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Europe [Introduced in North America; widely introduced] |
Discussion | Reports for British Columbia and Nova Scotia need confirmation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 4 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 300. | FNA vol. 19, p. 300. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Helminthotheca | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Picris echioides | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Holub: Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 176. (1973) | Zinn: Cat. Pl. Hort. Gott., 430. (1757) |
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