Helianthus silphioides |
Helianthus atrorubens |
|
---|---|---|
Ozark sunflower, rosinweed sunflower |
purpledisc sunflower, purpledisk sunflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, 50–300 cm (with crown buds; nonflowering stems usually present). | Perennials, 50–200 cm (with crown buds; nonflowering stems usually absent). |
Stems | erect, hispid to strigoso-hispid proximally, glabrate distally. |
erect, proximally villous to strigoso-hispid, distally hispid or glabrate. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; mostly opposite; petioles 0.1–5.5 cm; blades ovate to broadly ovate or suborbiculate, 7–15 × 4.5–15 cm, bases rounded to truncate or ± cuneate, margins entire or crenate to serrate, abaxial faces usually scabrous, sometimes ± strigose (hairs on midribs to 1 mm), not gland-dotted (cauline 9+ pairs proximal to heads, smaller). |
mostly basal; opposite; petioles 4–25 cm (usually winged at least 1/2 their lengths); blades lanceolate to ovate, 7–26 × 3–10 cm, bases broadly cuneate to nearly truncate (often decurrent onto petioles), margins serrate to crenate, abaxial faces strigoso-hispid (hairs of midribs1+ mm), not gland-dotted (cauline to 8 pairs proximal to heads, ovate to elliptic, smaller). |
Peduncles | 0.5–10 cm. |
0.3–17 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric, 10–20 mm diam. |
broadly hemispheric, 9–16 mm diam. |
Ray florets | 8–13; laminae 15–20 mm (abaxial faces not gland-dotted). |
10–15; laminae 15–22 mm (abaxial faces not gland-dotted). |
Disc florets | 75+; corollas 6–7 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow). |
75+; corollas 4–6 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow). |
Phyllaries | 16–23, oblong to obovate, 8–10 × 3–5 mm, (margins ciliolate) apices obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate, abaxial faces glabrous or glabrate. |
15–22, broadly ovate to oblong, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, (margins ciliolate) apices obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate, abaxial faces usually glabrous. |
Heads | 3–15+. |
(1–)3–15+. |
Cypselae | 3–4 mm, glabrous or distally puberulent; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–2.7 mm. |
2.8–3 mm, glabrous or distally puberulent; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–2.8 mm. |
Paleae | 9–10 mm, entire or ± 3-toothed. |
4–5.5 mm, ± 3-toothed to entire. |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus silphioides |
Helianthus atrorubens |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–early fall. | Flowering late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Open sites | Open mixed woods, roadsides |
Elevation | 100–300 m (300–1000 ft) | 0–900 m (0–3000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; IL; KY; LA; MO; MS; OK; TN
|
AL; FL; GA; KY; LA; NC; NJ; SC; TN; VA
|
Discussion | Similar to Helianthus atrorubens, H. silphioides is distinguished by shorter hairs (less than 2 mm) on stems proximally and on abaxial leaf midveins, and by petioles of basal leaves less than 1/2 lengths of blades and winged less than 1/2 their lengths. As befits the name, specimens of H. silphioides (and also H. atrorubens) are not infrequently misidentified as species of Silphium. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus atrorubens and H. silphioides form a morphologically similar pair of species that share the distinctive feature of relatively broad, tightly appressed phyllaries with apices obtuse to acute. Helianthus atrorubens has a more easterly geographic distribution along the Piedmont and the Atlantic coastal plain and the southern Appalachian Mountains; distribution of H. silphioides is centered in the Ozark region. In general, H. silphioides differs in its usually well developed cauline leaves, and basal leaves with winged petioles that are less than half the total lengths. Involucres with phyllaries tightly appressed are also observed in H. occidentalis and H. pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus, which differs in having the phyllary apices acute to acuminate as well as in usually having abaxial faces of leaves and ray laminae densely gland-dotted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 157. | FNA vol. 21, p. 156. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. kentuckiensis | H. atrorubens var. alsodes, H. sparsifolius |
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 366. (1841) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 906. (1753) |
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