Helianthus silphioides |
Helianthus anomalus |
|
---|---|---|
Ozark sunflower, rosinweed sunflower |
anomalous sunflower, western sunflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, 50–300 cm (with crown buds; nonflowering stems usually present). | Annuals, 25–60 cm. |
Stems | erect, hispid to strigoso-hispid proximally, glabrate distally. |
erect, sparsely hispid. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; mostly opposite; petioles 0.1–5.5 cm; blades ovate to broadly ovate or suborbiculate, 7–15 × 4.5–15 cm, bases rounded to truncate or ± cuneate, margins entire or crenate to serrate, abaxial faces usually scabrous, sometimes ± strigose (hairs on midribs to 1 mm), not gland-dotted (cauline 9+ pairs proximal to heads, smaller). |
mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1.2–5 cm; blades ovate to lance-ovate, 4.5–13 × 1–4 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire, abaxial faces sparsely hispid, not gland-dotted. |
Peduncles | 0.5–10 cm. |
4–9 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric, 10–20 mm diam. |
hemispheric, 20–27 mm diam. |
Ray florets | 8–13; laminae 15–20 mm (abaxial faces not gland-dotted). |
7–12; laminae 18–37 mm. |
Disc florets | 75+; corollas 6–7 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow). |
25+; corollas 6.8–7.5 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches reddish). |
Phyllaries | 16–23, oblong to obovate, 8–10 × 3–5 mm, (margins ciliolate) apices obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate, abaxial faces glabrous or glabrate. |
11–23, laceolate to lance-linear or lance-ovate, 17–33 × 1–2.9 mm (notably surpassing discs), (margins ± ciliate) apices attenuate, abaxial faces usually sparsely hispid to hispidulous. |
Heads | 3–15+. |
usually borne singly. |
Cypselae | 3–4 mm, glabrous or distally puberulent; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–2.7 mm. |
4.6–9 mm, appressed hairy; pappi of 2 linear scales 2–4.5 mm plus 4–6 scales 1–3.5 mm. |
Paleae | 9–10 mm, entire or ± 3-toothed. |
7–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth attenuate, apices purplish, ± hispid). |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus silphioides |
Helianthus anomalus |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–early fall. | Flowering spring–fall. |
Habitat | Open sites | Sand dunes |
Elevation | 100–300 m (300–1000 ft) | 1300–1500 m (4300–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; IL; KY; LA; MO; MS; OK; TN
|
AZ; UT |
Discussion | Similar to Helianthus atrorubens, H. silphioides is distinguished by shorter hairs (less than 2 mm) on stems proximally and on abaxial leaf midveins, and by petioles of basal leaves less than 1/2 lengths of blades and winged less than 1/2 their lengths. As befits the name, specimens of H. silphioides (and also H. atrorubens) are not infrequently misidentified as species of Silphium. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
L. H. Rieseberg (1991) provided evidence that Helianthus anomalus is a hybrid species derived from H. annuus and H. petiolaris, and subsequent work has confirmed and extended that hypothesis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 157. | FNA vol. 21, p. 154. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. kentuckiensis | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 366. (1841) | S. F. Blake: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 333. (1931) |
Web links |