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stiff sunflower

cheerful sunflower, hélianthe à belles fleurs, mountain sunflower

Habit Perennials, 50–200 cm (rhizomatous). Perennials, 100–200 cm (rhizomatous).
Stems

erect, scabro-hispid.

erect, slightly hairy.

Leaves

mostly basal; opposite, or opposite (proximal) and alternate;

petioles 0–1 cm;

blades lance-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate to lance-linear, 5–27 × 2–6 cm, bases cuneate, margins serrate to subentire, abaxial faces sparsely hispid, sparsely, if at all, gland-dotted (cauline smaller).

basal and cauline; mostly opposite;

petioles 1–5 cm;

blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, 10–25 × 2–8 cm, bases cuneate, margins serrulate to serrate, abaxial faces sparsely hispid, gland-dotted.

Peduncles

3–12 cm.

7–14 cm.

Involucres

hemispheric, 15–23 mm diam.

hemispheric, 14–18 mm diam.

Ray florets

10–20;

laminae 20–35 mm (abaxial faces usually gland-dotted).

15–20;

laminae 25–37 mm.

Disc florets

75+;

corollas 6.5–7 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow;

anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow).

75+;

corollas 7–7.5 mm, lobes reddish (at least at tips);

anthers dark, appendages dark to yellowish (style branches yellow).

Phyllaries

25–35, ovate, 6–10 × 3–5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid.

25–35, oblong-lanceolate, 7–12 × 3–3.5 mm (strongly unequal), apices acuminate, abaxial faces usually puberulent, gland-dotted.

Heads

1–10.

3–6.

Cypselae

5–6 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 4.5–5 mm plus 1–4 smaller aristate scales 0.3–2 mm.

(seldom formed) 4–5 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–3.5 mm.

Paleae

9–10 mm, shallowly 3-toothed to subentire (apices ciliate, hairy).

9–10 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices reddish).

2n

= 102 (subspecies unknown).

= 102.

Helianthus pauciflorus

Helianthus ×laetiflorus

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall.
Habitat Roadsides, fields
Elevation 0–300+ m (0–1000+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CO; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; OK; PA; RI; SD; TX; VA; VT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Variation within Helianthus pauciflorus is complex and is complicated by hybridization with H. tuberosus. Hybrids with H. tuberosus are known as H. ×laetiflorus, which is frequently cultivated.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Helianthus ×laetiflorus is introduced in Ontario, Newfoundland, and probably in Quebec; it was excluded from British Columbia by G. W. Douglas et al. (1989–1994, vol. 1); and it was reported in New Brunswick by H. R. Hinds (2000).

Plants called Helianthus ×laetiflorus are usually interpreted to be hybrids and backcrosses of H. tuberosus and H. pauciflorus; they are widely cultivated and often escape. An alternative treatment has been to use the name H. laetiflorus for plants that are treated here as H. pauciflorus, sometimes with infraspecific taxa.

Helianthus atrorubens Lamarck 1789, not Linnaeus 1753, has been applied to plants here called H. ×laetiflorus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants 80–200 cm; leaves usually alternate distally, blades oblong-lanceolate to lance-ovate, 8–27 cm, apices acuminate
subsp. pauciflorus
1. Plants 50–120 cm; leaves opposite, blades rhombic-ovate to lance-linear, 5–12 cm, apices acute or obtuse
subsp. subrhomboideus
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 160. FNA vol. 21, p. 161.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus
Subordinate taxa
H. pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus, H. pauciflorus subsp. subrhomboideus
Synonyms H. severus, H. superbus
Name authority Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 177. (1818) Persoon: Syn. Pl. 2: 476. (1807)
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