Helianthus pauciflorus |
Helianthus ×laetiflorus |
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stiff sunflower |
cheerful sunflower, hélianthe à belles fleurs, mountain sunflower |
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Habit | Perennials, 50–200 cm (rhizomatous). | Perennials, 100–200 cm (rhizomatous). | ||||
Stems | erect, scabro-hispid. |
erect, slightly hairy. |
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Leaves | mostly basal; opposite, or opposite (proximal) and alternate; petioles 0–1 cm; blades lance-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate to lance-linear, 5–27 × 2–6 cm, bases cuneate, margins serrate to subentire, abaxial faces sparsely hispid, sparsely, if at all, gland-dotted (cauline smaller). |
basal and cauline; mostly opposite; petioles 1–5 cm; blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, 10–25 × 2–8 cm, bases cuneate, margins serrulate to serrate, abaxial faces sparsely hispid, gland-dotted. |
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Peduncles | 3–12 cm. |
7–14 cm. |
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Involucres | hemispheric, 15–23 mm diam. |
hemispheric, 14–18 mm diam. |
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Ray florets | 10–20; laminae 20–35 mm (abaxial faces usually gland-dotted). |
15–20; laminae 25–37 mm. |
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Disc florets | 75+; corollas 6.5–7 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow). |
75+; corollas 7–7.5 mm, lobes reddish (at least at tips); anthers dark, appendages dark to yellowish (style branches yellow). |
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Phyllaries | 25–35, ovate, 6–10 × 3–5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid. |
25–35, oblong-lanceolate, 7–12 × 3–3.5 mm (strongly unequal), apices acuminate, abaxial faces usually puberulent, gland-dotted. |
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Heads | 1–10. |
3–6. |
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Cypselae | 5–6 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 4.5–5 mm plus 1–4 smaller aristate scales 0.3–2 mm. |
(seldom formed) 4–5 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–3.5 mm. |
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Paleae | 9–10 mm, shallowly 3-toothed to subentire (apices ciliate, hairy). |
9–10 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices reddish). |
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2n | = 102 (subspecies unknown). |
= 102. |
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Helianthus pauciflorus |
Helianthus ×laetiflorus |
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Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Roadsides, fields | |||||
Elevation | 0–300+ m (0–1000+ ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AR; CO; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; OK; PA; RI; SD; TX; VA; VT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; ON; QC
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Variation within Helianthus pauciflorus is complex and is complicated by hybridization with H. tuberosus. Hybrids with H. tuberosus are known as H. ×laetiflorus, which is frequently cultivated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus ×laetiflorus is introduced in Ontario, Newfoundland, and probably in Quebec; it was excluded from British Columbia by G. W. Douglas et al. (1989–1994, vol. 1); and it was reported in New Brunswick by H. R. Hinds (2000). Plants called Helianthus ×laetiflorus are usually interpreted to be hybrids and backcrosses of H. tuberosus and H. pauciflorus; they are widely cultivated and often escape. An alternative treatment has been to use the name H. laetiflorus for plants that are treated here as H. pauciflorus, sometimes with infraspecific taxa. Helianthus atrorubens Lamarck 1789, not Linnaeus 1753, has been applied to plants here called H. ×laetiflorus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 160. | FNA vol. 21, p. 161. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | H. severus, H. superbus | |||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 177. (1818) | Persoon: Syn. Pl. 2: 476. (1807) | ||||
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