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hélianthe de maximilien, Maximilian sunflower, Maximilian's sunflower

neglected sunflower

Habit Perennials, 50–300 cm (rhizomatous). Annuals, 80–200 cm.
Stems

erect, 5–30 dm, scabrous to scabro-hispidulous.

erect (leafy), ± hispid to glabrate.

Leaves

cauline; mostly alternate;

petioles 0–2 cm;

blades (light green to gray-green, 1-nerved, conduplicate) lanceolate, 10–30 × 2–5.5 cm, bases cuneate, margins usually entire, sometimes serrulate, abaxial faces scabrous to scabro-hispid, gland-dotted.

cauline; alternate;

petioles 7–12 cm;

blades deltate-ovate, 7–14 × 7.5–12.3 cm, bases usually ± cordate, sometimes truncate, margins subentire to serrulate, abaxial faces strigose, not gland-dotted.

Peduncles

1–11 cm.

10–40 cm.

Involucres

hemispheric, 13–28 mm diam.

± hemispheric, (23–28 ×) 10–14 mm.

Ray florets

10–25;

laminae (15–)25–40 mm.

21–31;

laminae 29–39 mm.

Disc florets

75+;

corollas 5–7 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers dark brown or black;

appendages usually yellow, sometimes partly dark.

150+;

corollas 6–6.5 mm, lobes reddish;

anthers dark, appendages purplish (style branches reddish).

Phyllaries

30–40, lanceolate, 14–20 × 2–3 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces canescent, gland-dotted.

25–35, lanceolate, 14–25 × 2.3–4 mm (surpassing discs), apices long-attenuate, abaxial faces strigillose to hispid.

Heads

(1–)3–15 (often in racemiform to spiciform arrays).

1–5.

Cypselae

3–4 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4.1 mm.

4–5 mm, strigillose to glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.8–3.2 mm.

Paleae

7–11 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices greenish, mucronate, hairy).

9–10 mm, 3-toothed (middle teeth ± ciliate or bearded, hairs whitish, 0.3–0.6 mm).

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Helianthus maximiliani

Helianthus neglectus

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Prairies, fields, waste areas Sandy soils, sand dunes
Elevation 0–300(–2100+) m (0–1000(–6900+) ft) 800–1100 m (2600–3600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NM; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helianthus maximiliani is introduced in eastern Ontario and in Quebec. It appears to be native to midcontinental prairie regions and has spread along railroads and highways into all areas of North America. Its wide dispersal may be aided by cultivation for its attractive, showy floral displays. In addition to the usually conduplicate, single-nerved leaves and spikelike arrangement of the heads, it is distinguished by the whitish-canescent indument of the leaves and stems and the long-attenuate phyllaries.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 166. FNA vol. 21, p. 153.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
Synonyms H. dalyi
Name authority Schrader: Index Seminum (Göttingen) 1834: unpaged. (1835) Heiser: Rhodora 60: 275, fig. 2. (1958)
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