Helianthus maximiliani |
Helianthus argophyllus |
|
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hélianthe de maximilien, Maximilian sunflower, Maximilian's sunflower |
silverleaf sunflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, 50–300 cm (rhizomatous). | Annuals, 100–300 cm. |
Stems | erect, 5–30 dm, scabrous to scabro-hispidulous. |
(silvery white) erect, usually tomentose or floccose. |
Leaves | cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 0–2 cm; blades (light green to gray-green, 1-nerved, conduplicate) lanceolate, 10–30 × 2–5.5 cm, bases cuneate, margins usually entire, sometimes serrulate, abaxial faces scabrous to scabro-hispid, gland-dotted. |
mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–10 cm; blades ovate to lance-ovate, 15–25 × 10–20 cm, bases truncate to subcordate, margins entire or serrulate, abaxial faces usually floccose, sericeous, or tomentose, gland-dotted. |
Peduncles | 1–11 cm. |
2–8 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric, 13–28 mm diam. |
hemispheric, 20–30 mm diam. |
Ray florets | 10–25; laminae (15–)25–40 mm. |
15–20; laminae 20–30 mm. |
Disc florets | 75+; corollas 5–7 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown or black; appendages usually yellow, sometimes partly dark. |
150+; corollas 6.5–7.5 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches reddish). |
Phyllaries | 30–40, lanceolate, 14–20 × 2–3 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces canescent, gland-dotted. |
20–35, ovate to lance-ovate, 15–18 × (2–)5–8 mm, apices long-attenuate, abaxial faces usually densely white-villous, gland-dotted. |
Heads | (1–)3–15 (often in racemiform to spiciform arrays). |
1–5. |
Cypselae | 3–4 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4.1 mm. |
4–6 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2–2.7 mm. |
Paleae | 7–11 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices greenish, mucronate, hairy). |
10–11 mm, 3-toothed (apices glabrous or sparsely villous). |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus maximiliani |
Helianthus argophyllus |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | Flowering late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Prairies, fields, waste areas | Open areas, sandy soils |
Elevation | 0–300(–2100+) m (0–1000(–6900+) ft) | 0–30+ m (0–100+ ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; Mexico
|
FL; NC; TX [Introduced in South America (Argentina), Africa, Australia] |
Discussion | Helianthus maximiliani is introduced in eastern Ontario and in Quebec. It appears to be native to midcontinental prairie regions and has spread along railroads and highways into all areas of North America. Its wide dispersal may be aided by cultivation for its attractive, showy floral displays. In addition to the usually conduplicate, single-nerved leaves and spikelike arrangement of the heads, it is distinguished by the whitish-canescent indument of the leaves and stems and the long-attenuate phyllaries. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus argophyllus hybridizes naturally with H. annuus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 166. | FNA vol. 21, p. 149. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. dalyi | |
Name authority | Schrader: Index Seminum (Göttingen) 1834: unpaged. (1835) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 318. (1842) |
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