Helianthus maximiliani |
Helianthus angustifolius |
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hélianthe de maximilien, Maximilian sunflower, Maximilian's sunflower |
swamp sneezeweed, swamp sunflower |
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Habit | Perennials, 50–300 cm (rhizomatous). | Perennials, 50–150+ cm (with crown buds, rhizomes absent or poorly developed). |
Stems | erect, 5–30 dm, scabrous to scabro-hispidulous. |
erect, usually ± hairy. |
Leaves | cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 0–2 cm; blades (light green to gray-green, 1-nerved, conduplicate) lanceolate, 10–30 × 2–5.5 cm, bases cuneate, margins usually entire, sometimes serrulate, abaxial faces scabrous to scabro-hispid, gland-dotted. |
mostly cauline; opposite or alternate; sessile or subsessile; blades (3-nerved near bases) narrowly lanceolate to linear, 8–15 × 0.15–0.5(–1) cm, bases cuneate, margins entire (revolute, abaxial face sometimes obscured by rolled margins), abaxial faces strigose to hispid or hirsute, sometimes (adaxial not) gland-dotted. |
Peduncles | 1–11 cm. |
5–15 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric, 13–28 mm diam. |
shallowly hemispheric, 10–20 mm diam. |
Ray florets | 10–25; laminae (15–)25–40 mm. |
10–20; laminae 10–20 mm (abaxial faces gland-dotted). |
Disc florets | 75+; corollas 5–7 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown or black; appendages usually yellow, sometimes partly dark. |
75+; corollas 4–4.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark (style branches usually yellow). |
Phyllaries | 30–40, lanceolate, 14–20 × 2–3 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces canescent, gland-dotted. |
25–32 (loose), lanceolate, 4–9 × 1–2 mm, apices acute to slightly acuminate, abaxial faces usually scabrous, rarely glabrous, usually gland-dotted. |
Heads | (1–)3–15 (often in racemiform to spiciform arrays). |
3–16. |
Cypselae | 3–4 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4.1 mm. |
2–3 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.5–2.1 mm. |
Paleae | 7–11 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices greenish, mucronate, hairy). |
(oblanceolate) 5.5–6.5 mm, entire or ± 3-toothed (apices purplish, mucronate, gland-dotted). |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus maximiliani |
Helianthus angustifolius |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | Flowering late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Prairies, fields, waste areas | Open to shaded, usually moist places |
Elevation | 0–300(–2100+) m (0–1000(–6900+) ft) | 10–700 m (0–2300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; Mexico
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AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IN; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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Discussion | Helianthus maximiliani is introduced in eastern Ontario and in Quebec. It appears to be native to midcontinental prairie regions and has spread along railroads and highways into all areas of North America. Its wide dispersal may be aided by cultivation for its attractive, showy floral displays. In addition to the usually conduplicate, single-nerved leaves and spikelike arrangement of the heads, it is distinguished by the whitish-canescent indument of the leaves and stems and the long-attenuate phyllaries. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The distal parts of Helianthus angustifolius are identical in appearance to those of H. simulans; plants of the latter are taller (200+ cm) and more robust. The leaves are not only narrower in H. angustifolius but also tend to be more strongly revolute (abaxial faces sometimes scarcely visible). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 166. | FNA vol. 21, p. 164. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. dalyi | H. angustifolius var. planifolius |
Name authority | Schrader: Index Seminum (Göttingen) 1834: unpaged. (1835) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 906. (1753) |
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