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hélianthe de maximilien, Maximilian sunflower, Maximilian's sunflower

swamp sneezeweed, swamp sunflower

Habit Perennials, 50–300 cm (rhizomatous). Perennials, 50–150+ cm (with crown buds, rhizomes absent or poorly developed).
Stems

erect, 5–30 dm, scabrous to scabro-hispidulous.

erect, usually ± hairy.

Leaves

cauline; mostly alternate;

petioles 0–2 cm;

blades (light green to gray-green, 1-nerved, conduplicate) lanceolate, 10–30 × 2–5.5 cm, bases cuneate, margins usually entire, sometimes serrulate, abaxial faces scabrous to scabro-hispid, gland-dotted.

mostly cauline; opposite or alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blades (3-nerved near bases) narrowly lanceolate to linear, 8–15 × 0.15–0.5(–1) cm, bases cuneate, margins entire (revolute, abaxial face sometimes obscured by rolled margins), abaxial faces strigose to hispid or hirsute, sometimes (adaxial not) gland-dotted.

Peduncles

1–11 cm.

5–15 cm.

Involucres

hemispheric, 13–28 mm diam.

shallowly hemispheric, 10–20 mm diam.

Ray florets

10–25;

laminae (15–)25–40 mm.

10–20;

laminae 10–20 mm (abaxial faces gland-dotted).

Disc florets

75+;

corollas 5–7 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers dark brown or black;

appendages usually yellow, sometimes partly dark.

75+;

corollas 4–4.5 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark (style branches usually yellow).

Phyllaries

30–40, lanceolate, 14–20 × 2–3 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces canescent, gland-dotted.

25–32 (loose), lanceolate, 4–9 × 1–2 mm, apices acute to slightly acuminate, abaxial faces usually scabrous, rarely glabrous, usually gland-dotted.

Heads

(1–)3–15 (often in racemiform to spiciform arrays).

3–16.

Cypselae

3–4 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4.1 mm.

2–3 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.5–2.1 mm.

Paleae

7–11 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices greenish, mucronate, hairy).

(oblanceolate) 5.5–6.5 mm, entire or ± 3-toothed (apices purplish, mucronate, gland-dotted).

2n

= 34.

= 34.

Helianthus maximiliani

Helianthus angustifolius

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall. Flowering late summer–fall.
Habitat Prairies, fields, waste areas Open to shaded, usually moist places
Elevation 0–300(–2100+) m (0–1000(–6900+) ft) 10–700 m (0–2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IN; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helianthus maximiliani is introduced in eastern Ontario and in Quebec. It appears to be native to midcontinental prairie regions and has spread along railroads and highways into all areas of North America. Its wide dispersal may be aided by cultivation for its attractive, showy floral displays. In addition to the usually conduplicate, single-nerved leaves and spikelike arrangement of the heads, it is distinguished by the whitish-canescent indument of the leaves and stems and the long-attenuate phyllaries.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The distal parts of Helianthus angustifolius are identical in appearance to those of H. simulans; plants of the latter are taller (200+ cm) and more robust. The leaves are not only narrower in H. angustifolius but also tend to be more strongly revolute (abaxial faces sometimes scarcely visible).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 166. FNA vol. 21, p. 164.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
Synonyms H. dalyi H. angustifolius var. planifolius
Name authority Schrader: Index Seminum (Göttingen) 1834: unpaged. (1835) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 906. (1753)
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