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alkali sunflower

hélianthe de Nuttall, Nuttall's sunflower

Habit Perennials, 50–120(–200) cm. Perennials, 100–400 cm (rhizomatous).
Stems

erect, usually strigose or hispid to glabrate.

(usually yellow-brown or greenish, sometimes glaucous) erect, glabrous, hispid, ± hirsute, or scabrous.

Leaves

cauline; opposite or alternate;

sessile;

blades (green or grayish, 1- or 3-nerved) lanceolate, 5–9 × 0.5–3.5 cm, bases ± cuneate, margins entire or irregularly toothed to lobed, faces strigose to strumose, gland-dotted (adaxial sometimes glaucous).

cauline; all or mostly opposite to mostly alternate;

petioles 0.5–1.5 cm;

blades light to dark green, 3-nerved (distal to bases) ± lanceolate to ± ovate, 4–20 × 0.8–4 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire or ± serrate (flat), abaxial faces hispid to hispidulous or tomentulose to villous-tomentose, gland-dotted.

Peduncles

4–13 cm.

1–18 cm.

Involucres

hemispheric, 10–24 mm diam.

hemispheric, 10–20 mm diam.

Ray florets

14–20;

laminae ca. 8–11 mm.

10–21;

laminae 20–25 mm (abaxial faces not gland-dotted).

Disc florets

40+;

corollas 4.8–5.8 mm, lobes reddish;

anthers purplish, appendages reddish (style branches yellow).

60+;

corollas 5–7 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers dark brown to black, appendages yellow.

Phyllaries

16–21, lanceolate, 6–7.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm (often subequal), (margins ciliate) apices acute, abaxial faces hispidulous or strigose to glabrate, gland-dotted.

30–38 (loose, spreading), lanceolate to lance-ovate, 8–16 × 1.5–3 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces usually ± strigose, rarely glabrate, not gland-dotted.

Heads

1–9.

1–6.

Cypselae

2.7–3.5 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2(–3) aristate scales 1.4–2.5 mm.

3–5 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.2–4.5 mm plus 0–2 lanceolate scales 0.5–1 mm.

Paleae

7–7.8 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices obtuse to acute, hispid-ciliate to glabrate).

8–12 mm, 3-toothed.

2n

= 34.

= 34 (subspecies unknown).

Helianthus laciniatus

Helianthus nuttallii

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Open, dry, alkaline soils
Elevation 1000–1200 m (3300–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
NM; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helianthus laciniatus reaches the northern extent of its range in New Mexico and Texas; it is relatively common in the Chihuahuan Desert areas of Mexico. It is similar to H. ciliaris; it usually has hairy stems as well as denser leaf indument that includes a greater number of subsessile, glandular hairs.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves: abaxial faces tomentulose to villous-tomentose; phyllaries densely hairy (longer hairs 1+ mm)
subsp. parishii
1. Leaves: abaxial faces hispid to hispidulous; phyllaries ± glabrate (longer hairs 0.5–1 mm).
→ 2
2. Plants usually 200–300 cm; leaves mostly alternate, blades narrowly to broadly lanceolate,apices acute to acuminate
subsp. nuttallii
2. Plants usually 100–250 cm; leaves all or mostly opposite, blades lanceolate to nearly ovate, apices acute to obtuse
subsp. rydbergii
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 169. FNA vol. 21, p. 166.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
Subordinate taxa
H. nuttallii subsp. nuttallii, H. nuttallii subsp. parishii, H. nuttallii subsp. rydbergii
Synonyms H. crenatus, H. heiseri
Name authority A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 84. (1849) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 324. (1842)
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