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alkali sunflower

California sunflower

Habit Perennials, 50–120(–200) cm. Perennials, 150–350 cm (rhizomatous).
Stems

erect, usually strigose or hispid to glabrate.

erect, glabrous (glaucous).

Leaves

cauline; opposite or alternate;

sessile;

blades (green or grayish, 1- or 3-nerved) lanceolate, 5–9 × 0.5–3.5 cm, bases ± cuneate, margins entire or irregularly toothed to lobed, faces strigose to strumose, gland-dotted (adaxial sometimes glaucous).

mostly cauline; mostly alternate;

petioles 0–3 cm;

blades (light to dark green, 3-nerved distal to bases), lanceolate, 10–20 × 2.5–6 cm, bases ± cuneate, margins entire or subentire, abaxial faces hispid to hirsute, gland-dotted.

Peduncles

4–13 cm.

(1–)3–15 cm (gland-dotted).

Involucres

hemispheric, 10–24 mm diam.

broadly hemispheric, 10–25 mm diam.

Ray florets

14–20;

laminae ca. 8–11 mm.

12–21;

laminae 15–30 mm.

Disc florets

40+;

corollas 4.8–5.8 mm, lobes reddish;

anthers purplish, appendages reddish (style branches yellow).

50+;

corollas 6–8 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers reddish to dark, appendages reddish brown.

Phyllaries

16–21, lanceolate, 6–7.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm (often subequal), (margins ciliate) apices acute, abaxial faces hispidulous or strigose to glabrate, gland-dotted.

25–35 (loose), lanceolate, 8–15 × 3–5 mm (notably surpassing discs), (margins sometimes ciliate) apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces hispidulous to glabrate, gland-dotted.

Heads

1–9.

3–10.

Cypselae

2.7–3.5 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2(–3) aristate scales 1.4–2.5 mm.

4.5–5 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4 mm.

Paleae

7–7.8 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices obtuse to acute, hispid-ciliate to glabrate).

10–11 mm, 3-toothed (apices acute, hispidulous).

2n

= 34.

= 102.

Helianthus laciniatus

Helianthus californicus

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Open, dry, alkaline soils Stream banks, wet meadows, freshwater marshes
Elevation 1000–1200 m (3300–3900 ft) 0–1600 m (0–5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
NM; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helianthus laciniatus reaches the northern extent of its range in New Mexico and Texas; it is relatively common in the Chihuahuan Desert areas of Mexico. It is similar to H. ciliaris; it usually has hairy stems as well as denser leaf indument that includes a greater number of subsessile, glandular hairs.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 169. FNA vol. 21, p. 167.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
Synonyms H. crenatus, H. heiseri
Name authority A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 84. (1849) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 589. (1836)
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