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hairy sunflower

stiff sunflower

Habit Perennials, 100–200 cm (rhizomatous). Perennials, 50–200 cm (rhizomatous).
Stems

erect, hirsute.

erect, scabro-hispid.

Leaves

cauline; mostly opposite;

petioles 0.4–2 cm;

blades (3-nerved from bases) lanceolate to ovate, 6.5–18 × 1–8 cm, bases truncate to broadly rounded or cuneate, margins subentire to serrate (flat), abaxial faces ± hirsute, gland-dotted (adaxial not gland-dotted).

mostly basal; opposite, or opposite (proximal) and alternate;

petioles 0–1 cm;

blades lance-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate to lance-linear, 5–27 × 2–6 cm, bases cuneate, margins serrate to subentire, abaxial faces sparsely hispid, sparsely, if at all, gland-dotted (cauline smaller).

Peduncles

1–5 cm.

3–12 cm.

Involucres

hemispheric, 10–25 mm diam.

hemispheric, 15–23 mm diam.

Ray florets

10–15;

laminae 15–20 mm.

10–20;

laminae 20–35 mm (abaxial faces usually gland-dotted).

Disc florets

40+;

corollas 5.5–6.5 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark or yellowish.

75+;

corollas 6.5–7 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow;

anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow).

Phyllaries

18–25 (usually loose, spreading, not reflexed), lanceolate, 7–12 × 2.5–3.5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute to short-acuminate, abaxial faces not gland-dotted.

25–35, ovate, 6–10 × 3–5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid.

Heads

1–7.

1–10.

Cypselae

4–4.5 mm, glabrate or distally puberulent;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–3.2 mm.

5–6 mm, glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 4.5–5 mm plus 1–4 smaller aristate scales 0.3–2 mm.

Paleae

7–10 mm, 3-toothed (apices yellowish, hairy).

9–10 mm, shallowly 3-toothed to subentire (apices ciliate, hairy).

2n

= 68.

= 102 (subspecies unknown).

Helianthus hirsutus

Helianthus pauciflorus

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall.
Habitat Dry, open sites, woodland edges, roadsides
Elevation 10–900+ m (0–3000+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CO; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; OK; PA; RI; SD; TX; VA; VT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helianthus hirsutus is distinguished from H. strumosus by hairy stems and usually yellow (as opposed to dark) anther appendages, and from H. divaricatus by petioles and leaf blades 3-nerved distal to bases. Mexican plants of H. hirsutus are sometimes labeled with the synonymous H. leptocaulis (S. Watson) S. F. Blake, and plants from Mexico and the southwestern United States often have leaf bases cuneate rather than truncate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Variation within Helianthus pauciflorus is complex and is complicated by hybridization with H. tuberosus. Hybrids with H. tuberosus are known as H. ×laetiflorus, which is frequently cultivated.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants 80–200 cm; leaves usually alternate distally, blades oblong-lanceolate to lance-ovate, 8–27 cm, apices acuminate
subsp. pauciflorus
1. Plants 50–120 cm; leaves opposite, blades rhombic-ovate to lance-linear, 5–12 cm, apices acute or obtuse
subsp. subrhomboideus
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 157. FNA vol. 21, p. 160.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
Subordinate taxa
H. pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus, H. pauciflorus subsp. subrhomboideus
Synonyms H. hirsutus var. stenophyllus, H. hirsutus var. trachyphyllus, H. stenophyllus
Name authority Rafinesque: Ann. Nat. 1: 14. (1820) Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 177. (1818)
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