Helianthus hirsutus |
Helianthus ciliaris |
|
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hairy sunflower |
blueweed, blueweed sunflower, Texas-blueweed, yerba parda |
|
Habit | Perennials, 100–200 cm (rhizomatous). | Perennials, 40–70 cm (rhizomatous or with creeping roots, often forming extensive colonies). |
Stems | erect, hirsute. |
decumbent to ± erect, glabrous or glabrate (glaucous). |
Leaves | cauline; mostly opposite; petioles 0.4–2 cm; blades (3-nerved from bases) lanceolate to ovate, 6.5–18 × 1–8 cm, bases truncate to broadly rounded or cuneate, margins subentire to serrate (flat), abaxial faces ± hirsute, gland-dotted (adaxial not gland-dotted). |
cauline; mostly opposite; sessile; blades (often bluish green, 1- or 3-nerved) linear to lanceolate, 3–7.5 × 0.5–2.2 cm, bases ± cuneate, margins entire or serrate (usually ciliate and undulate), faces glabrous or glabrate to hispid. |
Peduncles | 1–5 cm. |
(1–)3–13 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric, 10–25 mm diam. |
hemispheric, 12–25 mm diam. |
Ray florets | 10–15; laminae 15–20 mm. |
10–18; laminae 8–9 mm. |
Disc florets | 40+; corollas 5.5–6.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark or yellowish. |
35+; corollas 4–6 mm, lobes reddish; anthers brownish red, appendages brownish red (style branches yellow). |
Phyllaries | 18–25 (usually loose, spreading, not reflexed), lanceolate, 7–12 × 2.5–3.5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute to short-acuminate, abaxial faces not gland-dotted. |
16–19, ovate to lance-ovate, 3–8 × 2–3.5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices obtuse to acute, abaxial faces glabrate to ± strigose, not gland-dotted. |
Heads | 1–7. |
1–5. |
Cypselae | 4–4.5 mm, glabrate or distally puberulent; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–3.2 mm. |
3–3.5 mm, glabrous; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.2–1.5 mm. |
Paleae | 7–10 mm, 3-toothed (apices yellowish, hairy). |
7–7.5 mm, subentire to 3-toothed (apices obtuse to acute, hairy, gland-dotted). |
2n | = 68. |
= 68, 102. |
Helianthus hirsutus |
Helianthus ciliaris |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Dry, open sites, woodland edges, roadsides | Roadsides, ditches, cultivated fields, open drainage areas |
Elevation | 10–900+ m (0–3000+ ft) | 10–2600 m (0–8500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)
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AZ; CA; CO; IL; KS; NE; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
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Discussion | Helianthus hirsutus is distinguished from H. strumosus by hairy stems and usually yellow (as opposed to dark) anther appendages, and from H. divaricatus by petioles and leaf blades 3-nerved distal to bases. Mexican plants of H. hirsutus are sometimes labeled with the synonymous H. leptocaulis (S. Watson) S. F. Blake, and plants from Mexico and the southwestern United States often have leaf bases cuneate rather than truncate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus ciliaris is considered a noxious weed in some states. It can propagate vegetatively from detached pieces of rhizome and spread aggressively, especially in cultivated fields. It has been noted to occur in Idaho and Washington, where control measures have been taken to eliminate it. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 157. | FNA vol. 21, p. 169. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. hirsutus var. stenophyllus, H. hirsutus var. trachyphyllus, H. stenophyllus | |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Ann. Nat. 1: 14. (1820) | de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 587. (1836) |
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