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hairy sunflower

blueweed, blueweed sunflower, Texas-blueweed, yerba parda

Habit Perennials, 100–200 cm (rhizomatous). Perennials, 40–70 cm (rhizomatous or with creeping roots, often forming extensive colonies).
Stems

erect, hirsute.

decumbent to ± erect, glabrous or glabrate (glaucous).

Leaves

cauline; mostly opposite;

petioles 0.4–2 cm;

blades (3-nerved from bases) lanceolate to ovate, 6.5–18 × 1–8 cm, bases truncate to broadly rounded or cuneate, margins subentire to serrate (flat), abaxial faces ± hirsute, gland-dotted (adaxial not gland-dotted).

cauline; mostly opposite;

sessile;

blades (often bluish green, 1- or 3-nerved) linear to lanceolate, 3–7.5 × 0.5–2.2 cm, bases ± cuneate, margins entire or serrate (usually ciliate and undulate), faces glabrous or glabrate to hispid.

Peduncles

1–5 cm.

(1–)3–13 cm.

Involucres

hemispheric, 10–25 mm diam.

hemispheric, 12–25 mm diam.

Ray florets

10–15;

laminae 15–20 mm.

10–18;

laminae 8–9 mm.

Disc florets

40+;

corollas 5.5–6.5 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark or yellowish.

35+;

corollas 4–6 mm, lobes reddish;

anthers brownish red, appendages brownish red (style branches yellow).

Phyllaries

18–25 (usually loose, spreading, not reflexed), lanceolate, 7–12 × 2.5–3.5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acute to short-acuminate, abaxial faces not gland-dotted.

16–19, ovate to lance-ovate, 3–8 × 2–3.5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices obtuse to acute, abaxial faces glabrate to ± strigose, not gland-dotted.

Heads

1–7.

1–5.

Cypselae

4–4.5 mm, glabrate or distally puberulent;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–3.2 mm.

3–3.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.2–1.5 mm.

Paleae

7–10 mm, 3-toothed (apices yellowish, hairy).

7–7.5 mm, subentire to 3-toothed (apices obtuse to acute, hairy, gland-dotted).

2n

= 68.

= 68, 102.

Helianthus hirsutus

Helianthus ciliaris

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Dry, open sites, woodland edges, roadsides Roadsides, ditches, cultivated fields, open drainage areas
Elevation 10–900+ m (0–3000+ ft) 10–2600 m (0–8500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; IL; KS; NE; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helianthus hirsutus is distinguished from H. strumosus by hairy stems and usually yellow (as opposed to dark) anther appendages, and from H. divaricatus by petioles and leaf blades 3-nerved distal to bases. Mexican plants of H. hirsutus are sometimes labeled with the synonymous H. leptocaulis (S. Watson) S. F. Blake, and plants from Mexico and the southwestern United States often have leaf bases cuneate rather than truncate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Helianthus ciliaris is considered a noxious weed in some states. It can propagate vegetatively from detached pieces of rhizome and spread aggressively, especially in cultivated fields. It has been noted to occur in Idaho and Washington, where control measures have been taken to eliminate it.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 157. FNA vol. 21, p. 169.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
Synonyms H. hirsutus var. stenophyllus, H. hirsutus var. trachyphyllus, H. stenophyllus
Name authority Rafinesque: Ann. Nat. 1: 14. (1820) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 587. (1836)
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