Helianthus heterophyllus |
Helianthus petiolaris |
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variableleaf sunflower, wetland sunflower |
prairie sunflower, unknown |
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Habit | Perennials, 50–120 cm (with crown buds). | Annuals, 40–200 cm. | ||||
Stems | erect, usually hispid to ± hirsute. |
erect, usually densely canescent, hispid, or strigillose, rarely ± hirsute or glabrate. |
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Leaves | mostly basal; mostly opposite; petioles 0–3 cm (broadly winged); blades (3-nerved distal to bases) ovate or lanceolate to spatulate, 6–28 × 1.2–4.3 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire (often revolute), abaxial faces hispid to ± hirsute, not gland-dotted (cauline leaves relatively few, narrowly lanceolate to linear, much smaller). |
mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–4 cm; blades (often bluish green) lanceolate to deltate-ovate or ovate, 4–15 × 1–8 cm, bases subcordate or truncate to cuneate, margins entire or ± serrate, abaxial faces strigose, sparsely to densely, or not at all, gland-dotted. |
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Peduncles | 10–15 cm. |
4–15(–40) cm. |
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Involucres | broadly hemispheric, 15–25 mm diam. |
± hemispheric, 10–24 mm diam. |
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Ray florets | 12–18; laminae 14–36 mm (abaxial faces not gland-dotted). |
10–30; laminae 15–20 mm. |
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Disc florets | 100+; corollas 5.5–6.5 mm, lobes reddish; anthers purplish, apendages purplish (style branches usually reddish). |
50–100+; corollas 4.5–6 mm, lobes usually reddish, rarely yellow; anthers reddish to purplish, appendages purplish (style branches reddish). |
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Phyllaries | 24–30, lanceolate to lance-ovate, 8–13 × 2–5 mm, (margins sometimes ciliate) apices acute to short-acuminate or acuminate, abaxial faces sparsely hispid to glabrate. |
14–25, lance-linear to lanceolate to lance-ovate, 10–14 × 1–4(–5) mm, (margins sometimes ciliate) apices short-attenuate, abaxial faces usually hispidulous, rarely sparsely hirsute to glabrate. |
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Heads | 1–3(–5). |
1–5. |
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Cypselae | 4–5 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.7–2.5 mm plus 1–3 deltate scales 0.5–1.5 mm. |
3–4.5 mm, ± villous; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.5–3 mm plus 0–2 erose scales 0.3–0.5 mm. |
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Paleae | 7–9 mm, 3-toothed (apices purplish). |
4.5–7.5 mm, 3-toothed, middle teeth ± ciliate or bearded, hairs whitish, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
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2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
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Helianthus heterophyllus |
Helianthus petiolaris |
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Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Wet sandy soils | |||||
Elevation | 0–50+ m (0–200+ ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX
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AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
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Discussion | Helianthus heterophyllus is found on the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. The cauline leaves are usually abruptly reduced relative to the basal leaves; individuals sometimes have relatively large cauline leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Helianthus petiolaris is adventive beyond western North America. A third subspecies has yet to be named at that rank in Helianthus petiolaris; it has been called H. petiolaris var. canescens A. Gray. It differs in having stems, leaves, and phyllaries densely canescent and abaxial faces of leaves densely gland-dotted. It is additionally characterized by peduncles usually ebracteate, phyllaries 1–2 mm wide, disc corolla throats gradually narrowed distal to slight, not densely hairy basal bulges, and 2n = 34. It flowers late spring through late summer and grows on sandy soils in open areas at (10–)1000–2300 m in Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas and in Mexico. It was treated as H. niveus (Bentham) Brandegee subsp. canescens (A. Gray) Heiser by C. B. Heiser et al. (1969); molecular and morphologic data appear to favor a placement within H. petiolaris. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 155. | FNA vol. 21, p. 152. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | H. elongatus | |||||
Name authority | Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 74. (1834) | Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 115. (1821) | ||||
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