Helianthus decapetalus |
Helianthus debilis |
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hélianthe à dix rayons, thin-leaf sunflower |
cucumberleaf sunflower, weak sunflower |
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Habit | Perennials, 60–200 cm (rhizomatous). | Annuals or perennials, 30–200 cm (taprooted). | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent. |
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Leaves | cauline; opposite (proximal or all) or alternate (distal); petioles (1–)2–5 cm; blades (green, 3-nerved distal to bases) lanceolate to ovate, 7–21 × 4–10 cm, bases rounded to cuneate (often shortly decurrent onto petioles), margins usually serrate (moderately to notably in larger leaves), abaxial faces ± scabro-hispidulous, relatively sparsely gland-dotted. |
mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–7 cm; blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases cordate to truncate or broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid, not gland-dotted. |
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Peduncles | 2–12 cm (not gland-dotted). |
9–50 cm. |
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Involucres | hemispheric, 10–22 mm diam. |
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Ray florets | 8–12; laminae 20–25 mm. |
11–20; laminae 12–23 mm. |
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Disc florets | 40+; corollas 6.5–7.2 mm, lobes yellow; anthers usually dark brown to black (rarely reddish brown), appendages dark or reddish brown. |
30+; corollas 4.5–5 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches usually reddish, rarely yellow). |
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Phyllaries | 20–25 (often reflexed), lance-linear to lanceolate, 11–16 × 2–3 mm (sometimes leaflike, longest surpassing discs by 1/2+ their lengths), (margins ciliate) apices attenuate, abaxial faces strigillose to glabrate, not gland-dotted. |
20–30, lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to long-attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or ± hispid, not gland-dotted. |
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Heads | 3–6(–10). |
1–3. |
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Cypselae | 3.5–5 mm; pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4 mm. |
2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy; pappi of 2 lanceolate or lance-linear scales 1.2–2.5 mm. |
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Invo | -lucres hemispheric, 12–25 mm diam. |
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Paleae | 8–10 mm, 3-toothed. |
7.5–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth acuminate, usually glabrous or hispid, sometimes ± villous or bearded). |
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2n | = 34, 68. |
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Helianthus decapetalus |
Helianthus debilis |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Mesic to wet woodland edges | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–1200 m (0–3900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC
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AL; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NH; NY; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WV
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Discussion | Helianthus decapetalus is sometimes confused with Heliopsis helianthoides because of shared habitats and superficial similarities. The tetraploid cytotype of H. decapetalus intergrades (and apparently hybridizes) with H. strumosus, particularly in the southern Appalachians; individual specimens can be difficult to place in one or the other species. In addition to morphologic differences, H. decapetalus usually occurs in more mesic habitats, particularly along watercourses; H. strumosus is found in drier sites such as roadside slopes. Helianthus ×multiflorus Linnaeus is a sterile hybrid, often with “doubled” heads (in which disc florets are replaced by ray florets); it is cultivated and is sometimes included within H. decapetalus, e.g., H. decapetalus var. multiflorus (Linnaeus) A. Gray; its parents are H. decapetalus and H. annuus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). C. B. Heiser (1956) placed 8 subspecies in Helianthus debilis; he noted that alternative taxonomic treatments might recognize these in as many as three species, or expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain 1982, 1983; L. H. Rieseberg and M. F. Doyle 1989) show that all are closely related. Documented hybridization with H. annuus further complicates the situation. The treatment by Heiser et al. is followed here. Helianthus debilis is adventive beyond the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 158. | FNA vol. 21, p. 150. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | H. trachelifolius | |||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 905. (1753) | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 367. (1841) | ||||||||||||||||
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