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hélianthe à dix rayons, thin-leaf sunflower

cucumberleaf sunflower, weak sunflower

Habit Perennials, 60–200 cm (rhizomatous). Annuals or perennials, 30–200 cm (taprooted).
Stems

erect, glabrous.

decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent.

Leaves

cauline; opposite (proximal or all) or alternate (distal);

petioles (1–)2–5 cm;

blades (green, 3-nerved distal to bases) lanceolate to ovate, 7–21 × 4–10 cm, bases rounded to cuneate (often shortly decurrent onto petioles), margins usually serrate (moderately to notably in larger leaves), abaxial faces ± scabro-hispidulous, relatively sparsely gland-dotted.

mostly cauline; mostly alternate;

petioles 1–7 cm;

blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases cordate to truncate or broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid, not gland-dotted.

Peduncles

2–12 cm (not gland-dotted).

9–50 cm.

Involucres

hemispheric, 10–22 mm diam.

Ray florets

8–12;

laminae 20–25 mm.

11–20;

laminae 12–23 mm.

Disc florets

40+;

corollas 6.5–7.2 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers usually dark brown to black (rarely reddish brown), appendages dark or reddish brown.

30+;

corollas 4.5–5 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow;

anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches usually reddish, rarely yellow).

Phyllaries

20–25 (often reflexed), lance-linear to lanceolate, 11–16 × 2–3 mm (sometimes leaflike, longest surpassing discs by 1/2+ their lengths), (margins ciliate) apices attenuate, abaxial faces strigillose to glabrate, not gland-dotted.

20–30, lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to long-attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or ± hispid, not gland-dotted.

Heads

3–6(–10).

1–3.

Cypselae

3.5–5 mm;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4 mm.

2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy;

pappi of 2 lanceolate or lance-linear scales 1.2–2.5 mm.

Invo

-lucres hemispheric, 12–25 mm diam.

Paleae

8–10 mm, 3-toothed.

7.5–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth acuminate, usually glabrous or hispid, sometimes ± villous or bearded).

2n

= 34, 68.

Helianthus decapetalus

Helianthus debilis

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Mesic to wet woodland edges
Elevation 10–1200 m (0–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NH; NY; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helianthus decapetalus is sometimes confused with Heliopsis helianthoides because of shared habitats and superficial similarities. The tetraploid cytotype of H. decapetalus intergrades (and apparently hybridizes) with H. strumosus, particularly in the southern Appalachians; individual specimens can be difficult to place in one or the other species. In addition to morphologic differences, H. decapetalus usually occurs in more mesic habitats, particularly along watercourses; H. strumosus is found in drier sites such as roadside slopes. Helianthus ×multiflorus Linnaeus is a sterile hybrid, often with “doubled” heads (in which disc florets are replaced by ray florets); it is cultivated and is sometimes included within H. decapetalus, e.g., H. decapetalus var. multiflorus (Linnaeus) A. Gray; its parents are H. decapetalus and H. annuus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora).

C. B. Heiser (1956) placed 8 subspecies in Helianthus debilis; he noted that alternative taxonomic treatments might recognize these in as many as three species, or expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain 1982, 1983; L. H. Rieseberg and M. F. Doyle 1989) show that all are closely related. Documented hybridization with H. annuus further complicates the situation. The treatment by Heiser et al. is followed here.

Helianthus debilis is adventive beyond the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems decumbent; peduncles 9–20(–22) cm
→ 2
1. Stems erect; peduncles (15–)20–50 cm
→ 3
2. Stems glabrous or puberulent; leaf blades serrulate or shallowly, regularly serrate, abaxial faces sparsely, if at all, gland-dotted
subsp. debilis
2. Stems hirsute; leaf blades deeply, irregularly serrate, abaxial faces densely gland-dotted
subsp. vestitus
3. Leaves 8–14 cm; peduncles (relatively slender) 20–40 cm; discs 10–15(–17) mm diam
subsp. silvestris
3. Leaves 2.5–9 cm; peduncles (not notably slender) 10–50 cm; discs 14–20 mm diam
→ 4
4. Leaf blades usually deeply, irregularly serrate; peduncles 10–25(–30) cm; ray lami-nae 12–20(–22) mm
subsp. tardiflorus
4. Leaf blades usually shallowly, regularly serrate; peduncles 25–50 cm; ray laminae (15–)20–23 mm
subsp. cucumerifolius
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 158. FNA vol. 21, p. 150.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
Subordinate taxa
H. debilis subsp. cucumerifolius, H. debilis subsp. debilis, H. debilis subsp. silvestris, H. debilis subsp. tardiflorus, H. debilis subsp. vestitus
Synonyms H. trachelifolius
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 905. (1753) Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 367. (1841)
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