Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus ×laetiflorus |
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cucumberleaf sunflower, weak sunflower |
cheerful sunflower, hélianthe à belles fleurs, mountain sunflower |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials, 30–200 cm (taprooted). | Perennials, 100–200 cm (rhizomatous). | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent. |
erect, slightly hairy. |
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Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–7 cm; blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases cordate to truncate or broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid, not gland-dotted. |
basal and cauline; mostly opposite; petioles 1–5 cm; blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, 10–25 × 2–8 cm, bases cuneate, margins serrulate to serrate, abaxial faces sparsely hispid, gland-dotted. |
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Peduncles | 9–50 cm. |
7–14 cm. |
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Involucres | hemispheric, 10–22 mm diam. |
hemispheric, 14–18 mm diam. |
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Ray florets | 11–20; laminae 12–23 mm. |
15–20; laminae 25–37 mm. |
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Disc florets | 30+; corollas 4.5–5 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches usually reddish, rarely yellow). |
75+; corollas 7–7.5 mm, lobes reddish (at least at tips); anthers dark, appendages dark to yellowish (style branches yellow). |
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Phyllaries | 20–30, lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to long-attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or ± hispid, not gland-dotted. |
25–35, oblong-lanceolate, 7–12 × 3–3.5 mm (strongly unequal), apices acuminate, abaxial faces usually puberulent, gland-dotted. |
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Heads | 1–3. |
3–6. |
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Cypselae | 2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy; pappi of 2 lanceolate or lance-linear scales 1.2–2.5 mm. |
(seldom formed) 4–5 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–3.5 mm. |
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Paleae | 7.5–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth acuminate, usually glabrous or hispid, sometimes ± villous or bearded). |
9–10 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices reddish). |
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2n | = 102. |
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Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus ×laetiflorus |
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Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, fields | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–300+ m (0–1000+ ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NH; NY; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WV
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AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; ON; QC
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). C. B. Heiser (1956) placed 8 subspecies in Helianthus debilis; he noted that alternative taxonomic treatments might recognize these in as many as three species, or expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain 1982, 1983; L. H. Rieseberg and M. F. Doyle 1989) show that all are closely related. Documented hybridization with H. annuus further complicates the situation. The treatment by Heiser et al. is followed here. Helianthus debilis is adventive beyond the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus ×laetiflorus is introduced in Ontario, Newfoundland, and probably in Quebec; it was excluded from British Columbia by G. W. Douglas et al. (1989–1994, vol. 1); and it was reported in New Brunswick by H. R. Hinds (2000). Plants called Helianthus ×laetiflorus are usually interpreted to be hybrids and backcrosses of H. tuberosus and H. pauciflorus; they are widely cultivated and often escape. An alternative treatment has been to use the name H. laetiflorus for plants that are treated here as H. pauciflorus, sometimes with infraspecific taxa. Helianthus atrorubens Lamarck 1789, not Linnaeus 1753, has been applied to plants here called H. ×laetiflorus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 150. | FNA vol. 21, p. 161. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | H. severus, H. superbus | |||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 367. (1841) | Persoon: Syn. Pl. 2: 476. (1807) | ||||||||||||||||
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