Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus radula |
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cucumberleaf sunflower, weak sunflower |
pineland sunflower, rayless sunflower, stiff sunflower |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials, 30–200 cm (taprooted). | Perennials, 50–100 cm (with crown buds). | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent. |
erect, distally densely hispid. |
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Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–7 cm; blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases cordate to truncate or broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid, not gland-dotted. |
mostly basal; opposite; petioles obscure (intergrading with blades); blades obovate to orbiculate, 4.6–14.5 × 2.1–12 cm, bases broadly cuneate to rounded, margins entire or serrulate, abaxial faces strigoso-hispid, not gland-dotted (cauline usually much smaller, alternate distally). |
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Peduncles | 9–50 cm. |
10–20 cm. |
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Involucres | hemispheric, 10–22 mm diam. |
shallowly hemispheric, (15–25 ×) 5–8 mm. |
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Ray florets | 11–20; laminae 12–23 mm. |
0 or 2–8; laminae (sometimes purplish) 1–2(–10) mm. |
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Disc florets | 30+; corollas 4.5–5 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches usually reddish, rarely yellow). |
100–150+; corollas 7–8 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark. |
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Phyllaries | 20–30, lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to long-attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or ± hispid, not gland-dotted. |
(often dark purple) 25–33, lanceolate to ovate, 10–14 × 3–5 mm, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces hispid or glabrous. |
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Heads | 1–3. |
usually borne singly. |
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Cypselae | 2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy; pappi of 2 lanceolate or lance-linear scales 1.2–2.5 mm. |
3–4 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 (often unequal) aristate scales 0.5–2.9 mm. |
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Paleae | 7.5–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth acuminate, usually glabrous or hispid, sometimes ± villous or bearded). |
9–10 mm, subentire to 3-toothed (apices purplish, mucronate). |
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2n | = 34. |
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Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus radula |
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Phenology | Flowering fall. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy, open pine barrens, flatwoods | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–50+ m (0–200+ ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NH; NY; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WV
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). C. B. Heiser (1956) placed 8 subspecies in Helianthus debilis; he noted that alternative taxonomic treatments might recognize these in as many as three species, or expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain 1982, 1983; L. H. Rieseberg and M. F. Doyle 1989) show that all are closely related. Documented hybridization with H. annuus further complicates the situation. The treatment by Heiser et al. is followed here. Helianthus debilis is adventive beyond the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 150. | FNA vol. 21, p. 155. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Rudbeckia radula | |||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 367. (1841) | (Pursh) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 321. (1842) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |