Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus occidentalis |
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cucumberleaf sunflower, weak sunflower |
fewleaf sunflower, naked-stem sunflower, western sunflower |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials, 30–200 cm (taprooted). | Perennials, 60–150 cm (rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous as well). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent. |
(often reddish) erect, pilose to appressed-hairy proximally. |
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Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–7 cm; blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases cordate to truncate or broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid, not gland-dotted. |
mostly basal; opposite; petioles 2.5–10 cm; blades oblong-lanceolate or elliptic to ovate, 5–20 × 1.5–7 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire or serrulate, abaxial faces scabrous to hispidulous, gland-dotted (cauline usually smaller, rarely 2–4 pairs well developed). |
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Peduncles | 9–50 cm. |
1–14 cm. |
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Involucres | hemispheric, 10–22 mm diam. |
cylindric, 9–14 mm diam. |
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Ray florets | 11–20; laminae 12–23 mm. |
8–14; laminae 18–22 mm (abaxial faces densely gland-dotted). |
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Disc florets | 30+; corollas 4.5–5 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches usually reddish, rarely yellow). |
50+; corollas 4.5–5.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown or black, appendages yellow. |
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Phyllaries | 20–30, lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to long-attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or ± hispid, not gland-dotted. |
20–25, lanceolate, 4.5–7(–11) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices acute to short-acuminate, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely pilose (hairs moniliform), not gland-dotted. |
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Heads | 1–3. |
1–4(–12). |
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Cypselae | 2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy; pappi of 2 lanceolate or lance-linear scales 1.2–2.5 mm. |
3–4(–5) mm, sparsely villous or glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.5–2.8 mm plus 0–4 deltate scales 0.4–1 mm. |
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Paleae | 7.5–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth acuminate, usually glabrous or hispid, sometimes ± villous or bearded). |
5–7 mm, subentire to 3-toothed (shortly mucronate). |
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2n | = 34 (subspecies unknown). |
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Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus occidentalis |
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Distribution |
AL; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NH; NY; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WV
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AR; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). C. B. Heiser (1956) placed 8 subspecies in Helianthus debilis; he noted that alternative taxonomic treatments might recognize these in as many as three species, or expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain 1982, 1983; L. H. Rieseberg and M. F. Doyle 1989) show that all are closely related. Documented hybridization with H. annuus further complicates the situation. The treatment by Heiser et al. is followed here. Helianthus debilis is adventive beyond the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 150. | FNA vol. 21, p. 160. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 367. (1841) | Riddell: W. J. Med. Phys. Sci. 9: 577. (1836) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |