Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus microcephalus |
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cucumberleaf sunflower, weak sunflower |
small woodland sunflower, small-head sunflower, woodland sunflower |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials, 30–200 cm (taprooted). | Perennials, 20–200 cm (with crown buds). | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent. |
erect, glabrous. |
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Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–7 cm; blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases cordate to truncate or broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid, not gland-dotted. |
cauline; opposite or alternate; petioles 0.3–3 cm; blades (greenish, at least abaxially, 3-nerved at bases) lanceolate, 7.2–15.5 × 1.3–4 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire or serrate, abaxial faces tomentulose, densely gland-dotted. |
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Peduncles | 9–50 cm. |
1–3(–8) cm. |
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Involucres | hemispheric, 10–22 mm diam. |
cylindric, 5–7 mm diam. |
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Ray florets | 11–20; laminae 12–23 mm. |
5–8; laminae 10–14 mm. |
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Disc florets | 30+; corollas 4.5–5 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches usually reddish, rarely yellow). |
15–22; corollas 4–5.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark. |
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Phyllaries | 20–30, lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to long-attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or ± hispid, not gland-dotted. |
12–17, lance-linear, 3–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrate, not gland-dotted. |
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Heads | 1–3. |
(1–)3–15+. |
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Cypselae | 2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy; pappi of 2 lanceolate or lance-linear scales 1.2–2.5 mm. |
3.5–4.2 mm, glabrous; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.5–2.2 mm. |
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Paleae | 7.5–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth acuminate, usually glabrous or hispid, sometimes ± villous or bearded). |
5–7 mm, 3-toothed (apices hairy). |
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2n | = 34. |
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Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus microcephalus |
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Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open woodlands, shaded roadsides | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–900 m (0–3000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NH; NY; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WV
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AL; AR; CT; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MI; MN; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). C. B. Heiser (1956) placed 8 subspecies in Helianthus debilis; he noted that alternative taxonomic treatments might recognize these in as many as three species, or expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain 1982, 1983; L. H. Rieseberg and M. F. Doyle 1989) show that all are closely related. Documented hybridization with H. annuus further complicates the situation. The treatment by Heiser et al. is followed here. Helianthus debilis is adventive beyond the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus microcephalus is distinguished by its relatively small heads, which have relatively few phyllaries, ray florets, and disc florets, as well as the usually tomentulose abaxial faces of the leaves. Hybrids with H. divaricatus are known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 150. | FNA vol. 21, p. 163. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 367. (1841) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 329. (1842) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |