Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus grosseserratus |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cucumberleaf sunflower, weak sunflower |
hélianthe à grosses dents, saw-tooth sunflower |
|||||||||||||||||
Habit | Annuals or perennials, 30–200 cm (taprooted). | Perennials, 100–400(–500) cm (rhizomatous). | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent. |
erect, glabrous proximally, distally glabrate, scabrellous, or strigillose (glaucous). |
||||||||||||||||
Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–7 cm; blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases cordate to truncate or broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid, not gland-dotted. |
cauline; opposite (proximal) or alternate; petioles (1–)2–5 cm; blades (light to dark green, 3-nerved distal to bases) lanceolate to lance-ovate, 10–32 × (1.2–)4–9 cm, bases cuneate, margins usually coarsely to shallowly serrate, rarely subentire (flat), abaxial faces puberulent to tomentulose, gland-dotted. |
||||||||||||||||
Peduncles | 9–50 cm. |
0.3–10 cm. |
||||||||||||||||
Involucres | hemispheric, 10–22 mm diam. |
|||||||||||||||||
Ray florets | 11–20; laminae 12–23 mm. |
14–20; laminae 23–40 mm. |
||||||||||||||||
Disc florets | 30+; corollas 4.5–5 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches usually reddish, rarely yellow). |
100+; corollas 5–6 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown to black, appendages yellow. |
||||||||||||||||
Phyllaries | 20–30, lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to long-attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or ± hispid, not gland-dotted. |
25–30 (loose, spreading), lance-linear, 10–14 × 1.5–2.5 mm (subequal), (margins ± ciliate) apices attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or puberulent, not gland-dotted. |
||||||||||||||||
Heads | 1–3. |
3–15+. |
||||||||||||||||
Cypselae | 2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy; pappi of 2 lanceolate or lance-linear scales 1.2–2.5 mm. |
3–4 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.9–2.5 mm. |
||||||||||||||||
Paleae | 7.5–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth acuminate, usually glabrous or hispid, sometimes ± villous or bearded). |
7–8 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices acuminate, ± hairy). |
||||||||||||||||
Invo | -lucres broadly hemispheric, 15–25 mm diam. |
|||||||||||||||||
2n | = 34. |
|||||||||||||||||
Helianthus debilis |
Helianthus grosseserratus |
|||||||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Dry to wet prairies, other open sites | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–300+ m (0–1000+ ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MI; MS; NC; NH; NY; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WV
|
AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; VA; WA; WI; WV; ON; QC
|
||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora). C. B. Heiser (1956) placed 8 subspecies in Helianthus debilis; he noted that alternative taxonomic treatments might recognize these in as many as three species, or expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain 1982, 1983; L. H. Rieseberg and M. F. Doyle 1989) show that all are closely related. Documented hybridization with H. annuus further complicates the situation. The treatment by Heiser et al. is followed here. Helianthus debilis is adventive beyond the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus grosseserratus is native to midwestern North America and has spread as a roadside weed into other areas, such as New England and the southeastern United States. It is introduced in Canada. Hybrids between H. maximiliani and H. grosseserratus are known as H. ×intermedius R. W. Long (R. W. Long 1954; Long 1966). Hybrids of H. grosseserratus with H. salicifolius have been described as H. kellermannii Britton (Long 1955), and those with H. mollis as H. brevifolius E. Watson (R. C. Jackson and A. T. Guard 1957b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 150. | FNA vol. 21, p. 165. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | H. instabilis | |||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 367. (1841) | M. Martens: Index Seminum (Louvain) 1839: unpaged. (1839) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|