Helianthus debilis
Helianthus
cucumberleaf sunflower, weak sunflower
sunflower, tournesol
decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent.
erect or ascending to decumbent or procumbent, usually branched distally.
mostly cauline; mostly alternate;
petioles 1–7 cm;
blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases cordate to truncate or broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid, not gland-dotted.
basal and/or cauline; opposite, or opposite (proximal) and alternate, or alternate; petiolate or sessile;
blades usually 3-nerved (1-nerved in H. eggertii, H. smithii, and H. maximiliani), mostly deltate, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, linear, or ovate, bases cordate to narrowly cuneate, margins usually entire or serrate, rarely lobed, faces glabrous or hairy, often gland-dotted.
9–50 cm.
hemispheric, 10–22 mm diam.
usually ± hemispheric, sometimes campanulate or cylindric, 5–40+(–200+ in cultivars) mm diam.
flat to slightly convex (conic in H. porteri), paleate (paleae ± conduplicate, usually rectangular-oblong, usually ± 3-toothed, sometimes entire, apices sometimes reddish or purplish).
11–20;
laminae 12–23 mm.
usually 5–30+(–100+ in cultivars), rarely 0, neuter;
corollas usually yellow.
30+;
corollas 4.5–5 mm, lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow;
anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches usually reddish, rarely yellow).
(15–)30–150+(–1000+ in cultivars), bisexual, fertile;
corollas yellow or reddish (at least distally), tubes shorter than campanulate throats, lobes 5, triangular (style branches slender, appendages ± attenuate).
20–30, lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to long-attenuate, abaxial faces glabrous or ± hispid, not gland-dotted.
persistent, 11–40(–100+ in cultivars) in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal).
1–3.
usually radiate (sometimes discoid in H. radula), borne singly or in ± corymbiform, paniculiform, or spiciform arrays.
2.5–3.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy;
pappi of 2 lanceolate or lance-linear scales 1.2–2.5 mm.
(usually purplish black, sometimes mottled) ± obpyramidal, ± compressed (glabrous, glabrate, or ± hairy);
pappi 0 (H. porteri), or readily falling, of 2(–3) usually lanceolate, aristate, or erose scales (at the 2 principal angles, 1–5 mm) plus 0–8 usually shorter scales (0.2–2 mm).
7.5–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth acuminate, usually glabrous or hispid, sometimes ± villous or bearded).
= 17.
Helianthus debilis
Helianthus
Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora).
C. B. Heiser (1956) placed 8 subspecies in Helianthus debilis; he noted that alternative taxonomic treatments might recognize these in as many as three species, or expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain 1982, 1983; L. H. Rieseberg and M. F. Doyle 1989) show that all are closely related. Documented hybridization with H. annuus further complicates the situation. The treatment by Heiser et al. is followed here.
Helianthus debilis is adventive beyond the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species 52, including 1 hybrid (52 in the flora).
The identification of sunflower species has long been problematic. C. B. Heiser et al. (1969) felt that the greatest contribution of their sustained efforts to understand sunflower taxonomy was not providing an easy way to identify sunflowers but rather an explanation for why they are so difficult. Taxonomic difficulties are based on a combination of factors, notably developmental and ecologic plasticity, the frequency of interspecific hybridization, and the presence of polyploidy. L. H. Rieseberg (1991) and Rieseberg et al. (1988, 1990) have subsequently documented the presence of species of homoploid hybrid origin to add to the complexity. The keys in this treatment have been modified somewhat with observations of features that require microscopic observation, such as the distribution of glands (sometimes referred to as “resin dots”) and the color of anther appendages; they still are based heavily on those of Heiser et al. There will still be specimens, of hybrid origin or growing in unusual conditions or incompletely collected, that defy certain placement into a single species. The taxonomic rank of certain taxa is also problematic, and for the most part the treatment of Heiser et al. has been followed, with relatively few exceptions. With the exception of Helianthus ×laetiflorus, which is widespread and commonly encountered away from either parental species, hybrids are not treated as separate entities. Helianthus verticillatus has been verified as a distinct entity, unlikely to be simply a hybrid. Whether H. praetermissus E. Watson, which continues to be known only from a single fragmentary specimen, represents a distinct species or an anomalous collection is still uncertain; it has not been included here.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Stems decumbent; peduncles 9–20(–22) cm | → 2 |
1. Stems erect; peduncles (15–)20–50 cm | → 3 |
2. Stems glabrous or puberulent; leaf blades serrulate or shallowly, regularly serrate, abaxial faces sparsely, if at all, gland-dotted | subsp. debilis |
2. Stems hirsute; leaf blades deeply, irregularly serrate, abaxial faces densely gland-dotted | subsp. vestitus |
3. Leaves 8–14 cm; peduncles (relatively slender) 20–40 cm; discs 10–15(–17) mm diam | subsp. silvestris |
3. Leaves 2.5–9 cm; peduncles (not notably slender) 10–50 cm; discs 14–20 mm diam | → 4 |
4. Leaf blades usually deeply, irregularly serrate; peduncles 10–25(–30) cm; ray lami-nae 12–20(–22) mm | subsp. tardiflorus |
4. Leaf blades usually shallowly, regularly serrate; peduncles 25–50 cm; ray laminae (15–)20–23 mm | subsp. cucumerifolius |
1. Annuals; paleae 3.5–4.6 mm, apices entire (1-toothed); disc corollas 2.8–3.5 mm; pappi 0 | H. porteri |
1. Annuals or perennials; paleae 5+ mm, apices usually 3-toothed, sometimes subentire or entire; disc corollas (3–)3.5–8.5 mm; pappi (readily falling) of 2(–3+) scales | → 2 |
2. Annuals (taprooted; disc corolla lobes reddish and style branches yellow); paleae entire or weakly 3-toothed (apices purplish, abaxial faces glabrous); cypselae glabrous (usually ± tuberculate) | H. agrestis |
2. Annuals (taprooted; if disc corolla lobes reddish, style branches also reddish), or perennials (often rhizomatous or with crown buds, sometimes taprooted); paleae entire or ± 3-toothed (apices purplish, greenish, or yellow-brown, abaxial faces glabrous or hairy); cypselae glabrous or hairy (not tuberculate) | → 3 |
3. Annuals or perennials (taprooted); leaves mostly alternate, petiolate (petiole lengths at least 1/5 blades); paleae (at least central ones) either bearded (with apical tufts of whitish hairs) or prominently 3-toothed (middle teeth relatively narrow, lengths 4 or more times width); disc corolla lobes and style branches usually reddish (rarely yellow in H. annuus and H. debilis) | → 4 |
3. Perennials (rhizomatous or with crown buds); leaves opposite or alternate, petiolate or sessile; paleae (at least central) glabrous or ± hispid to puberulent (not bearded) and entire or relatively weakly 3-toothed (if 3-toothed, lengths of middle teeth usually less than 4 times widths); disc corolla lobes yellow or reddish (if reddish, style branches yellow) | → 17 |
4. Plants 100–300 cm; leaf blades (at least larger) 10–40 cm wide, abaxial faces gland-dotted; phyllaries ovate to lance-ovate (larger usually 5–8 mm wide), apices narrowed abruptly (acute to acuminate) | → 5 |
4. Plants mostly 25–200 cm; leaf blades (larger) usually less than 12 cm wide (bases cuneate, truncate, or cordate), abaxial faces sometimes gland-dotted; phyllaries usually lanceolate to lance-ovate (usually less than 4 mm, sometimes to 5 mm, wide), apices narrowed gradually | → 6 |
5. Stems (leaves, phyllaries) hispid; leaf margins usually serrate | H. annuus |
5. Stems (leaves, phyllaries) densely silvery white tomentose or floccose; leaf margins usually entire, sometimes serrulate | H. argophyllus |
6. Palea apices (at least central paleae) bearded (with tufts of whitish hairs) | → 7 |
6. Paleae apices glabrous or puberulent to hispid (not bearded) | → 10 |
7. Stems (leaves, phyllaries) densely canescent | H. petiolaris |
7. Stems (leaves, phyllaries) strigillose to hispid | → 8 |
8. Leaf blades usually deltate-lanceolate to lanceolate (lengths of larger usually 2+ times widths), bases truncate to cuneate; phyllaryapices relatively short-attenuate | H. petiolaris |
8. Leaf blades usually lanceolate to deltate-ovate or ovate (lengths of larger usually less than 2 times widths), bases truncate to cordate; phyllary apices relatively short- to long-attenuate | → 9 |
9. Stems hispid; leaf margins subentire to serrulate; phyllary api-ces relatively long-attenuate (surpassing discs) | H. neglectus |
9. Stems hispid to hirsute; leaf margins serrate to serrulate; phyllary apices relatively short-attenuate (scarcely surpassing discs) | H. praecox |
10. Leaves abaxially gland-dotted; phyllaries hirsute (paleae: middle teeth notably surpassing, often arching over discs) | → 11 |
10. Leaves sometimes abaxially gland-dotted; phyllaries hairy or glabrous (paleae: middle teeth equaling or slightly surpassing discs) | → 12 |
11. Leaf blades ovate to lance-ovate, usually serrate (discs, at leastlarger heads, 2+ cm diam.); cypselae 3.5–4.5 mm | H. bolanderi |
11. Leaf blades lance-linear to lance-ovate, usually entire or subentire(discs usually less than 2 cm diam.); cypselae 2.7–3.5 mm | H. exilis |
12. Phyllaries densely white-canescent | H. niveus |
12. Phyllaries glabrous or sparsely hispid to hispidulous | → 13 |
13. Leaf blades (at least proximal) usually ovate or deltate, bases usually cordate to truncate (sometimes widely cuneate in H. debilis subsp. debilis); cypselae 2.5–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy | → 14 |
13. Leaf blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, bases cuneate; cypselae 3–9 mm, glabrous or villous to pilose | → 15 |
14. Leaf blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate (not constricted near middles, gradually tapering to apices); phyllaries 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to relatively long-acuminate | H. debilis |
14. Leaf blades deltate to ovate (sometimes constricted near middles); phyllaries 9–15 × 2–4 mm, apices relatively short-acuminate to short-attenuate | H. praecox |
15. Phyllaries 17–33 mm (greatly surpassing discs, margins notably ciliate); cypselae 4.6–9 mm | H. anomalus |
15. Phyllaries 6–19 mm (equaling or slightly surpassing discs, margins not notably ciliate); cypselae 3–5 mm | → 16 |
16. Stems densely hispid; cypselae 4–5 mm, pilose; pappi usually of 2 linear scales 1.6–2.5 mm plus 2–4 linear or ovate scales 05.1–1 mm | H. deserticola |
16. Stems glabrate or ± hispid; cypselae 3–4 mm, glabrous; pappi usually of 2 lanceolate scales 2.5–2.9 mm | H. paradoxus |
17. Leaves (at flowering) mostly or all basal (cauline leaves abruptly smaller) | → 18 |
17. Leaves (at flowering) mostly cauline (not abruptly smaller distally) | → 25 |
18. Ray florets 0 or 2–8, laminae 1–2(–10) mm (inconspicuous, often tinged reddish) | H. radula |
18. Ray florets 8–13(–25), laminae (7–)10–40 mm (yellow) | → 19 |
19. Stems (and leaves) usually glabrous; disc corolla lobes yellow | → 20 |
19. Stems (and leaves) usually hispid or hirsute to scabrous; disc corolla lobes yellow or reddish | → 21 |
20. Heads usually borne singly; phyllaries 8–16 × 3–5 mm | H. carnosus |
20. Heads 3–12; phyllaries 5–11 × 1–2.5 mm | H. longifolius |
21. Phyllaries lanceolate (the larger 1.5–2.5 mm wide); abaxial faces of leaves (and usually ray laminae) notably gland-dotted; disc co rolla lobes yellow; cypselae 3–5 mm | H. occidentalis |
21. Phyllaries lanceolate to ovate (the larger 3+ mm wide); abaxial faces usually not gland-dotted (if gland-dotted, cypselae 5–6 mm); disc corolla lobes reddish or yellow | → 22 |
22. Leaves mostly basal (cauline relatively few, narrowly lanceolate to linear); phyllary apices acute to accuminate | H. heterophyllus |
22. Leaves mostly basal or basal and cauline (at least proximal 1–2 cauline pairs well developed, mostly lanceolate, rhombic-ovate, or ovate, similar to basal leaves); phyllary apices usually obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate | → 23 |
23. Perennials (rhizomatous); leaf blades lance-linear, lance-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate, bases cuneate (onto winged petioles); cypselae 5–6 mm | H. pauciflorus |
23. Perennials (with crown buds); leaf blades broadly lanceolate, ovate, or suborbiculate, bases cuneate, rounded, or truncate (usually abruptly contracted onto winged petioles); cypselae 2.8–4 mm | → 24 |
24. Leaves (at least basal) lanceolate to ovate (hairs on abaxial midribs 1+ mm); cauline leaves to 8 pairs proximal to heads; nonflowering stems usually absent | H. atrorubens |
24. Leaves (at least basal) ovate to suborbiculate (hairs on abaxial midribs to 1 mm); cauline leaves 9+ pairs proximal to heads; nonflowering stems usually present | H. silphioides |
25. Disc corolla lobes reddish(at least at tips) | → 26 |
25. Disc corolla lobes yellow | → 35 |
26. Leaf blades lanceolate, lance-linear, or linear (lengths usually 10+ times widths) | → 27 |
26. Leaf blades deltate, deltate-ovate, lanceolate, lance-ovate, or linear (lengths seldom more than 5 times widths) | → 29 |
27. Stems glabrous (glaucous); leaf margins entire (flat) | H. salicifolius |
27. Stems usually hairy; leaf margins entire (± revolute) | → 28 |
28. Plants 50–150 cm (rhizomes absent or poorly developed); leaves 8–15 × 0.15–0.5(–1) cm | H. angustifolius |
28. Plants 150–260 cm (rhizomes well developed); leaves 9–22 × 0.7–4 cm | H. simulans |
29. Leaves sessile or nearly so, margins often irregularly toothed or lobed; ray laminae 8–11 mm | → 30 |
29. Leaves petiolate to subsessile, margins entire or serrate; ray laminae 15–37 mm | → 31 |
30. Plants 50–120 cm; stems glabrate to strigose or hispid; leaves (green orgrayish, not bluish green) hispid | H. laciniatus |
30. Plants 40–70 cm; stems glabrous or glabrate (glaucous); leaves (often bluish green) glabrous or glabrate (glaucous) | H. ciliaris |
31. Phyllaries oblong, oblong-lanceolate, obovate, or ovate, 3–5 mm wide | → 32 |
31. Phyllaries lanceolate, 1.5–3 mm wide | → 34 |
32. Leaf blades usually broadly ovate to orbiculate, abaxial faces not gland-dotted | H. silphioides |
32. Leaf blades lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate, abaxial faces usually gland-dotted | → 33 |
33. Phyllaries ovate, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid | H. pauciflorus |
33. Phyllaries oblong-lanceolate, apices acuminate, abaxial faces usually hairy | H. ×laetiflorus |
34. Stems (usually reddish or purplish) hairy; leaves all or mostly opposite; disc corollas 5–6 mm (anthers reddish brown, appendages yellow ordull orange); cypselae 3–4 mm | H. gracilentus |
34. Stems (usually green) hairy; leaves usually opposite or alternate, rarely whorled; disc corollas 4–5 mm (anthers dark brown or black, append-ages dark); cypselae 2.5–3 mm | H. floridanus |
35. Phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, (3–)5–8 mm wide, apices abruptly attenuate (disc corollathroats notably bulbous at bases) | H. annuus |
35. Phyllaries linear to lanceolate or lance-ovate, usually 2–4 mm wide, apices gradually narrowed (disc corolla throats not notably bulbous at bases) | → 36 |
36. Stems glabrous or glabrate (at least proximal to arrays of heads, sometimes glaucous) | → 37 |
36. Stems hairy (± throughout, not glaucous) | → 53 |
37. Leaves usually whorled (3s–6s), sometimes opposite | H. verticillatus |
37. Leaves opposite or alternate (not whorled) | → 38 |
38. Leaves sessile (grayish green or bluish green), abaxial faces glabrous (glaucous) | → 39 |
38. Leaves sessile or petiolate (light to dark green, sometimes whitish abaxially, not grayish or bluish green); abaxial faces glabrous or hairy | → 41 |
39. Plants 20–30 cm; stems ascending to erect; ray laminae 7–9 mm;disc corollas 3–3.5 mm | H. arizonensis |
39. Plants (30–)100–220 cm; stems erect; ray laminae 15–20 mm; disc corollas 5–7 mm | → 40 |
40. Leaves: adaxial faces glabrous or glabrate (smooth or slightly rough to touch); phyllaries 2–3 mm wide; rays 5–10 | H. laevigatus |
40. Leaves: adaxial faces strumose (rough to touch); phyllaries 3.5–4.5 mm wide; rays 10–18 | H. eggertii |
41. Leaf blades (1-nerved) lance-linear to lanceolate | H. smithii |
41. Leaf blades (3-nerved) lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, or ovate | → 42 |
42. Involucres 5–7 or 8–9 mm diam; rays usually 5 or 8 | → 43 |
42. Involucres (8–)9–28 mm diam.; rays (8–)10–21 (at least in larger heads) | → 44 |
43. Leaves: abaxial faces (whitish) glabrous, not gland-dotted (glaucous) | H. glaucophyllus |
43. Leaves: abaxial faces (greenish) usually tomentulose, sometimes glabrate, densely gland-dotted | H. microcephalus |
44. Plants (not rhizomatous); phyllaries (paleae and ray laminae) gland-dotted; anthers dull orange or orange-brown, appendages dull orange to yellowish | → 45 |
44. Plants (rhizomatous); phyllaries sometimes gland-dotted; anthers usually dark brown to black, rarely reddish brown, appendages yellow, or dark or reddish brown | → 46 |
45. Perennials (with crown buds); phyllaries 4–8 mm | H. gracilentus |
45. Perennials (taproots stout, parsniplike); phyllaries 11–18 mm | H. cusickii |
46. Leaves sessile (3-nerved from bases), bases rounded to cordate | H. divaricatus |
46. Leaves sessile or petiolate (3-nerved distal to bases), bases ± cuneate (narrowing gradually) | → 47 |
47. Anther appendages yellow | → 48 |
47. Anther appendages dark or reddish brown | → 50 |
48. Leaves petiolate (petioles 2.5–10 cm, lengths 1/2+ blades), blades oblong-lanceolate or elliptic to ovate; phyllaries usually appressed, strongly un-equal, not surpassing discs | H. occidentalis |
48. Leaves petiolate or sessile (petioles 05–1.5 or 1–5 cm, lengths usually less than 1/4 blades), blades lanceolate to lance-ovate; phyllaries usually loose, spreading, ± subequal | → 49 |
49. Leaves: petioles (1–)2–5 cm, blades 10–32 × (1.2–)4–9 cm, margins coarsely serrate | H. grosseserratus |
49. Leaves: petioles 0.5–1.5 cm, blades 4–20 × 0.8–4 cm, margins entire or shallowly serrate | H. nuttallii |
50. Peduncles (gland-dotted); phyllaries (strongly reflexed) 3–5 mm wide (notably surpassing discs), gland-dotted | H. californicus |
50. Peduncles (not gland-dotted); phyllaries (sometimes reflexed) to 3 mm wide (sometimes surpassing discs), sometimes gland-dotted | → 51 |
51. Plants 100–200(–300) cm (producing tubers); leaves sessile or subsessile (petioles 0–1 cm) | H. schweinitzii |
51. Plants 60–200 cm (not producing tubers); leaves petiolate (petioles 1–5 cm) | → 52 |
52. Leaves: petioles 1–3 cm, blades moderately serrate or entire, abaxial faces usually densely gland-dotted; phyllaries (equaling or slightly surpassing discs):apices acute | H. strumosus |
52. Leaves: petioles 2–5 cm, blades (at least larger leaves) moderately to notably serrate, abaxial faces usually sparsely gland-dotted; phyllaries (at least longer, usually surpassing discs, by 1/2+ their lengths): apices acuminate | H. decapetalus |
53. Leaves all or mostly opposite, sessile, bases cordate | H. mollis |
53. Leaves opposite or alternate, petiolate or sessile, bases mostly cuneate (not cordate) | → 54 |
54. Leaf blades lanceolate to ovate (bases gradually narrowed onto petioles); phyllaries (squarrose to reflexed, notably surpassing discs): apices attenuate, abaxial faces densely gland-dotted (at least toward apices) | H. resinosus |
54. Leaf blades lance-linear or lanceolate (and bases attenuate to truncate or rounded), or lance-ovate to ovate (and sessile or petioles narrowly winged); phyllaries (not reflexed): apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces sometimes gland-dotted | → 55 |
55. Perennials (taproots parsniplike); anthers and appendages usually dull orange or orange-brown, sometimes yellowish | H. cusickii |
55. Perennials (rhizomatous or with crown buds or slightly thickened taproots); anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark brown or black, or yellow. | → 56 |
56. Leaf blades (usually 1-nerved, conduplicate) entire; heads (1–)3–15 (borne singly or inracemiform or spiciform arrays) | H. maximiliani |
56. Leaf blades (3-nerved, not conduplicate) entire or serrate; heads (1–)3–16 (borne singly or in ± corymbiform, not racemiform or spiciform arrays) | → 57 |
57. Perennials (taprooted); leaves all or mostly opposite, both faces gland-dotted (phyllar-ies, paleae, and ray laminae as well) | H. pumilus |
57. Perennials (rhizomatous or with crown buds); leaves opposite or alternate, abaxial faces sometimes (adaxial never) gland-dotted (abaxial faces of phyllaries, paleae, and ray laminae sometimes gland-dotted) | → 58 |
58. Phyllaries usually appressed, strongly unequal | → 59 |
58. Phyllaries usually loose or spreading, ± subequal | → 60 |
59. Petioles 2.5–10 cm (lengths usually 1/2+ blades); leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic; anther appendages yellow; cypselae 3–4 mm | H. occidentalis |
59. Petioles 1–5 cm (lengths usually less than 1/2 blades); leaf blades lanceolate to lance-ovate; anther appendages dark brown or black; cypselae (seldom formed)4–5 mm | H. ×laetiflorus |
60. Leaves petiolate, petioles 2–8 cm; blades lanceolate to ovate, 7–15 cm wide; cypselae 5–7 mm (plants producing tubers, late in growing season) | H. tuberosus |
60. Leaves sessile or petiolate, petioles 0–2 cm; blades elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, linear, or ovate, 0.15–4(–8) cm wide; cypselae 2–5 cm (plants sometimes producing tubers) | → 61 |
61. Leaves petiolate, blade bases truncate to rounded | H. hirsutus |
61. Leaves petiolate or sessile, blade bases cuneate (gradually narrowing) | → 62 |
62. Leaf margins entire or subentire to serrulate (± flat); ray laminae not gland-dotted | → 63 |
62. Leaf margins entire or subentire to serrulate (usually revolute); ray laminae gland-dotted abaxially | → 64 |
63. Stems (usually reddish) erect; leaves subsessile or petiolate (petioles 0–1.2 cm, ciliate), abaxial faces scabrous or ± hirsute; antherappendages dark brown or black | H. giganteus |
63. Stems (usually yellow-brown or greenish) erect; leaves petiolate (petioles 0.5–1.5 cm, not ciliate), abaxial faces hispid to villous or tomentose; anther appendages yellow | H. nuttallii |
64. Involucres 9–10(–16) mm diam. (plants producing tubers) | H. schweinitzii |
64. Involucres (7–)10–20 mm diam. (plants not producing tubers) | → 65 |
65. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic or lance-ovate (lengths rarely more than 5 times widths), margins entire or serrulate (revolute and/or undulate); phyllary apices (at least outer) usually obtuse | H. floridanus |
65. Leaves lanceolate to linear (lengths more than 5 times widths), margins entire or subentire (not notably undulate); phyllary apices (at least outer) acute to acuminate | → 66 |
66. Plants 50–150+ cm (rhizomes absent or poorly developed); leaves 0.15–0.5(–1) cm wide | H. angustifolius |
66. Plants 150–260 cm (rhizomes well developed); leaves 0.7–4 cm wide | H. simulans |
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