Helianthus cusickii |
Helianthus atrorubens |
|
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Cusick's sunflower, turnip-root sunflower |
purpledisc sunflower, purpledisk sunflower |
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Habit | Perennials, 60–120 cm (taproots stout, parsniplike). | Perennials, 50–200 cm (with crown buds; nonflowering stems usually absent). |
Stems | erect to prostrate, glabrous or glabrate. |
erect, proximally villous to strigoso-hispid, distally hispid or glabrate. |
Leaves | cauline; mostly opposite, petioles 0–1 cm; blades (light to dark green, 3-nerved at bases) lance-linear to lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.5–2.5 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire, abaxial faces glabrous or scabro-hispid, gland-dotted. |
mostly basal; opposite; petioles 4–25 cm (usually winged at least 1/2 their lengths); blades lanceolate to ovate, 7–26 × 3–10 cm, bases broadly cuneate to nearly truncate (often decurrent onto petioles), margins serrate to crenate, abaxial faces strigoso-hispid (hairs of midribs1+ mm), not gland-dotted (cauline to 8 pairs proximal to heads, ovate to elliptic, smaller). |
Peduncles | 2–10 cm. |
0.3–17 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric, 12–28 mm diam. |
broadly hemispheric, 9–16 mm diam. |
Ray florets | 12–16; laminae 20–35 mm (abaxial faces gland-dotted). |
10–15; laminae 15–22 mm (abaxial faces not gland-dotted). |
Disc florets | 40+; corollas 6.5–7.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers usually dull orange or orange-brown, sometimes yellowish, appendages dull orange to yellowish. |
75+; corollas 4–6 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow). |
Phyllaries | 12–18, lanceolate, 11–18 × 1.5–3 mm, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces gland-dotted. |
15–22, broadly ovate to oblong, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, (margins ciliolate) apices obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate, abaxial faces usually glabrous. |
Heads | 1–3. |
(1–)3–15+. |
Cypselae | 4–5 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4.2 mm. |
2.8–3 mm, glabrous or distally puberulent; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–2.8 mm. |
Paleae | (lanceolate) 9–13 mm, subentire or 3-toothed (apices sparsely hairy, sometimes gland-dotted). |
4–5.5 mm, ± 3-toothed to entire. |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus cusickii |
Helianthus atrorubens |
|
Phenology | Flowering late spring–summer. | Flowering late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Dry slopes, open woods | Open mixed woods, roadsides |
Elevation | 600–2000 m (2000–6600 ft) | 0–900 m (0–3000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA
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AL; FL; GA; KY; LA; NC; NJ; SC; TN; VA
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Discussion | Helianthus atrorubens and H. silphioides form a morphologically similar pair of species that share the distinctive feature of relatively broad, tightly appressed phyllaries with apices obtuse to acute. Helianthus atrorubens has a more easterly geographic distribution along the Piedmont and the Atlantic coastal plain and the southern Appalachian Mountains; distribution of H. silphioides is centered in the Ozark region. In general, H. silphioides differs in its usually well developed cauline leaves, and basal leaves with winged petioles that are less than half the total lengths. Involucres with phyllaries tightly appressed are also observed in H. occidentalis and H. pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus, which differs in having the phyllary apices acute to acuminate as well as in usually having abaxial faces of leaves and ray laminae densely gland-dotted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 168. | FNA vol. 21, p. 156. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. atrorubens var. alsodes, H. sparsifolius | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 413. (1886) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 906. (1753) |
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