Helianthus bolanderi
Helianthus simulans
Bolander's sunflower, serpentine sunflower
muck sunflower
erect, hispid to hirsute.
erect, strigose or hirsute.
mostly cauline; mostly alternate;
petioles 1–4 cm;
blades lance-linear or lance-ovate to ovate, 3–15 × 2–6 cm, bases cuneate to truncate, margins usually serrate, abaxial faces sparsely hirsute, gland-dotted.
basal and cauline; opposite or alternate;
petioles 0.5–1 cm;
blades (3-nerved distal to bases) linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 9–22 cm × 0.7–4 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire or sub-entire (usually slightly revolute), abaxial faces hispidulous to tomentulose, gland-dotted.
3–13 cm.
1–13 cm.
hemispheric, 17–25 mm diam.
± hemispheric, 13–18 mm diam.
12–17;
laminae 14–20 mm.
12–23;
laminae 16–40 mm (abaxial faces gland-dotted).
75+ (discs usually 2+ cm diam.);
corollas 5–7 mm, lobes usually reddish;
anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches reddish).
100+;
corollas 5–5.5 mm, lobes yellow or reddish;
anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark.
10–18, usually lanceolate to lance-ovate, 9–27 × (3–)3.5–5 mm (often surpassing discs), apices gradually attenuate, abaxial faces hirsute.
25–35 (loose), lance-linear to lanceolate, 6–17 × 1.5–3 mm, apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely strigose, gland-dotted.
1–3.
1–15.
3.5–4.5 mm, glabrate;
pappi of 2 lanceolate scales 1.7–3 mm.
2.5–3 mm, glabrous;
pappi of 2 (usually unequal) aristate scales 1.5–2.4 mm.
9.5–10.5 mm, 3-toothed (middle teeth subulate, surpassing discs, apices glabrous).
5.5–6.5 mm, 3- (or 5-)toothed (distally strigose, gland-dotted).
= 34.
= 34.
Helianthus bolanderi
Helianthus simulans
Helianthus bolanderi and H. exilis form a closely related pair of sister species that share the distinctive feature of having the middle teeth of the paleae glabrous and relatively elongated, surpassing the disc florets. As treated here, H. bolanderi corresponds to the “valley weed race” (C. B. Heiser 1949; L. H. Rieseberg et al. 1988); it is separated from the “serpentine foothill race,” here recognized as H. exilis. Heiser proposed that H. bolanderi originated through hybridization between H. annuus and H. exilis; molecular studies by Rieseberg et al. do not support this scheme. In an ironic twist, it appears that H. bolanderi may be undergoing “genetic assimilation” through hybridization with H. annuus (S. E. Carney et al. 2000).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Helianthus simulans is similar to H. angustifolius, but much more robust with larger leaves, and to H. floridanus, but with longer and narrower leaves. Some workers have described H. simulans as having yellow disc corollas; this is variable within the species; individuals with reddish disc corolla lobes also occur. It is becoming popular as a garden plant, which may increase its range and may lead to an increase in the occurrence of hybrids with H. angustifolius and H. floridanus. It may be present in Arkansas and Texas.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
CA
OR
Flora NW
PNW Herbaria
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist
USDA Plants Database
LA Plants
