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purpledisc sunflower, purpledisk sunflower

fewleaf sunflower, naked-stem sunflower, western sunflower

Habit Perennials, 50–200 cm (with crown buds; nonflowering stems usually absent). Perennials, 60–150 cm (rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous as well).
Stems

erect, proximally villous to strigoso-hispid, distally hispid or glabrate.

(often reddish) erect, pilose to appressed-hairy proximally.

Leaves

mostly basal; opposite;

petioles 4–25 cm (usually winged at least 1/2 their lengths);

blades lanceolate to ovate, 7–26 × 3–10 cm, bases broadly cuneate to nearly truncate (often decurrent onto petioles), margins serrate to crenate, abaxial faces strigoso-hispid (hairs of midribs1+ mm), not gland-dotted (cauline to 8 pairs proximal to heads, ovate to elliptic, smaller).

mostly basal; opposite;

petioles 2.5–10 cm;

blades oblong-lanceolate or elliptic to ovate, 5–20 × 1.5–7 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire or serrulate, abaxial faces scabrous to hispidulous, gland-dotted (cauline usually smaller, rarely 2–4 pairs well developed).

Peduncles

0.3–17 cm.

1–14 cm.

Involucres

broadly hemispheric, 9–16 mm diam.

cylindric, 9–14 mm diam.

Ray florets

10–15;

laminae 15–22 mm (abaxial faces not gland-dotted).

8–14;

laminae 18–22 mm (abaxial faces densely gland-dotted).

Disc florets

75+;

corollas 4–6 mm, lobes reddish;

anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow).

50+;

corollas 4.5–5.5 mm, lobes yellow;

anthers dark brown or black, appendages yellow.

Phyllaries

15–22, broadly ovate to oblong, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, (margins ciliolate) apices obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate, abaxial faces usually glabrous.

20–25, lanceolate, 4.5–7(–11) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices acute to short-acuminate, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely pilose (hairs moniliform), not gland-dotted.

Heads

(1–)3–15+.

1–4(–12).

Cypselae

2.8–3 mm, glabrous or distally puberulent;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–2.8 mm.

3–4(–5) mm, sparsely villous or glabrate;

pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.5–2.8 mm plus 0–4 deltate scales 0.4–1 mm.

Paleae

4–5.5 mm, ± 3-toothed to entire.

5–7 mm, subentire to 3-toothed (shortly mucronate).

2n

= 34.

= 34 (subspecies unknown).

Helianthus atrorubens

Helianthus occidentalis

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall.
Habitat Open mixed woods, roadsides
Elevation 0–900 m (0–3000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; KY; LA; NC; NJ; SC; TN; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helianthus atrorubens and H. silphioides form a morphologically similar pair of species that share the distinctive feature of relatively broad, tightly appressed phyllaries with apices obtuse to acute. Helianthus atrorubens has a more easterly geographic distribution along the Piedmont and the Atlantic coastal plain and the southern Appalachian Mountains; distribution of H. silphioides is centered in the Ozark region. In general, H. silphioides differs in its usually well developed cauline leaves, and basal leaves with winged petioles that are less than half the total lengths. Involucres with phyllaries tightly appressed are also observed in H. occidentalis and H. pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus, which differs in having the phyllary apices acute to acuminate as well as in usually having abaxial faces of leaves and ray laminae densely gland-dotted.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves entire or nearly so, scabrous or hirsute, rough to touch
subsp. occidentalis
1. Leaves usually serrate, strigose or glabrous, smooth to touch
subsp. plantagineus
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 156. FNA vol. 21, p. 160.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus
Sibling taxa
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. occidentalis, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
H. agrestis, H. angustifolius, H. annuus, H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. arizonensis, H. atrorubens, H. bolanderi, H. californicus, H. carnosus, H. ciliaris, H. cusickii, H. debilis, H. decapetalus, H. deserticola, H. divaricatus, H. eggertii, H. exilis, H. floridanus, H. giganteus, H. glaucophyllus, H. gracilentus, H. grosseserratus, H. heterophyllus, H. hirsutus, H. laciniatus, H. laevigatus, H. longifolius, H. maximiliani, H. microcephalus, H. mollis, H. neglectus, H. niveus, H. nuttallii, H. paradoxus, H. pauciflorus, H. petiolaris, H. porteri, H. praecox, H. pumilus, H. radula, H. resinosus, H. salicifolius, H. schweinitzii, H. silphioides, H. simulans, H. smithii, H. strumosus, H. tuberosus, H. verticillatus, H. ×laetiflorus
Subordinate taxa
H. occidentalis subsp. occidentalis, H. occidentalis subsp. plantagineus
Synonyms H. atrorubens var. alsodes, H. sparsifolius
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 906. (1753) Riddell: W. J. Med. Phys. Sci. 9: 577. (1836)
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