Helianthus atrorubens |
Helianthus occidentalis |
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purpledisc sunflower, purpledisk sunflower |
fewleaf sunflower, naked-stem sunflower, western sunflower |
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Habit | Perennials, 50–200 cm (with crown buds; nonflowering stems usually absent). | Perennials, 60–150 cm (rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous as well). | ||||
Stems | erect, proximally villous to strigoso-hispid, distally hispid or glabrate. |
(often reddish) erect, pilose to appressed-hairy proximally. |
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Leaves | mostly basal; opposite; petioles 4–25 cm (usually winged at least 1/2 their lengths); blades lanceolate to ovate, 7–26 × 3–10 cm, bases broadly cuneate to nearly truncate (often decurrent onto petioles), margins serrate to crenate, abaxial faces strigoso-hispid (hairs of midribs1+ mm), not gland-dotted (cauline to 8 pairs proximal to heads, ovate to elliptic, smaller). |
mostly basal; opposite; petioles 2.5–10 cm; blades oblong-lanceolate or elliptic to ovate, 5–20 × 1.5–7 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire or serrulate, abaxial faces scabrous to hispidulous, gland-dotted (cauline usually smaller, rarely 2–4 pairs well developed). |
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Peduncles | 0.3–17 cm. |
1–14 cm. |
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Involucres | broadly hemispheric, 9–16 mm diam. |
cylindric, 9–14 mm diam. |
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Ray florets | 10–15; laminae 15–22 mm (abaxial faces not gland-dotted). |
8–14; laminae 18–22 mm (abaxial faces densely gland-dotted). |
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Disc florets | 75+; corollas 4–6 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches yellow). |
50+; corollas 4.5–5.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown or black, appendages yellow. |
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Phyllaries | 15–22, broadly ovate to oblong, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, (margins ciliolate) apices obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate, abaxial faces usually glabrous. |
20–25, lanceolate, 4.5–7(–11) × 1.5–2.5 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices acute to short-acuminate, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely pilose (hairs moniliform), not gland-dotted. |
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Heads | (1–)3–15+. |
1–4(–12). |
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Cypselae | 2.8–3 mm, glabrous or distally puberulent; pappi of 2 aristate scales 2.5–2.8 mm. |
3–4(–5) mm, sparsely villous or glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.5–2.8 mm plus 0–4 deltate scales 0.4–1 mm. |
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Paleae | 4–5.5 mm, ± 3-toothed to entire. |
5–7 mm, subentire to 3-toothed (shortly mucronate). |
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2n | = 34. |
= 34 (subspecies unknown). |
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Helianthus atrorubens |
Helianthus occidentalis |
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Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Open mixed woods, roadsides | |||||
Elevation | 0–900 m (0–3000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; KY; LA; NC; NJ; SC; TN; VA
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AR; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV
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Discussion | Helianthus atrorubens and H. silphioides form a morphologically similar pair of species that share the distinctive feature of relatively broad, tightly appressed phyllaries with apices obtuse to acute. Helianthus atrorubens has a more easterly geographic distribution along the Piedmont and the Atlantic coastal plain and the southern Appalachian Mountains; distribution of H. silphioides is centered in the Ozark region. In general, H. silphioides differs in its usually well developed cauline leaves, and basal leaves with winged petioles that are less than half the total lengths. Involucres with phyllaries tightly appressed are also observed in H. occidentalis and H. pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus, which differs in having the phyllary apices acute to acuminate as well as in usually having abaxial faces of leaves and ray laminae densely gland-dotted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 156. | FNA vol. 21, p. 160. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Helianthinae > Helianthus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | H. atrorubens var. alsodes, H. sparsifolius | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 906. (1753) | Riddell: W. J. Med. Phys. Sci. 9: 577. (1836) | ||||
Web links |