Helianthus annuus |
Helianthus microcephalus |
|
---|---|---|
common sunflower, hairy leaf sunflower, sunflower |
small woodland sunflower, small-head sunflower, woodland sunflower |
|
Habit | Annuals, 100–300 cm. | Perennials, 20–200 cm (with crown buds). |
Stems | erect, usually hispid. |
erect, glabrous. |
Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–20 cm; blades lance-ovate to ovate, 10–40 × 5–40 cm, bases cuneate to subcordate or cordate, margins serrate, abaxial faces usually ± hispid, sometimes gland-dotted. |
cauline; opposite or alternate; petioles 0.3–3 cm; blades (greenish, at least abaxially, 3-nerved at bases) lanceolate, 7.2–15.5 × 1.3–4 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire or serrate, abaxial faces tomentulose, densely gland-dotted. |
Peduncles | 2–20 cm. |
1–3(–8) cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric or broader, 15–40(–200+) mm diam. |
cylindric, 5–7 mm diam. |
Ray florets | (13–)17–30(–100+); laminae 25–50 mm. |
5–8; laminae 10–14 mm. |
Disc florets | 150+(–1000+); corollas 5–8 mm (throats ± bulbous at bases), lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers brownish to black, appendages yellow or dark (style branches yellow). |
15–22; corollas 4–5.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark, appendages dark. |
Phyllaries | 20–30(–100+), ovate to lance-ovate, 13–25 × (3–)5–8 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices abruptly narrowed, long-acuminate, abaxial faces usually hirsute to hispid, rarely glabrate or glabrous, usually gland-dotted. |
12–17, lance-linear, 3–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, (margins ciliate) apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrate, not gland-dotted. |
Heads | 1–9. |
(1–)3–15+. |
Cypselae | (3–)4–5(–15) mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 lanceolate scales 2–3.5 mm plus 0–4 obtuse scales 0.5–1 mm. |
3.5–4.2 mm, glabrous; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.5–2.2 mm. |
Paleae | 9–11 mm, 3-toothed (middle teeth long-acuminate, glabrous or hispid). |
5–7 mm, 3-toothed (apices hairy). |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus annuus |
Helianthus microcephalus |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Open areas | Open woodlands, shaded roadsides |
Elevation | 0–3000 m [0–9800 ft] | 10–900 m [30–3000 ft] |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Mexico; intoduced nearly worldwide
|
AL; AR; CT; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MI; MN; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
|
Discussion | Helianthus annuus is widely distributed, including weedy, cultivated, and escaped plants. It is the only native North American species to become a major agronomic crop. Despite its considerable variability, attempts have failed to produce a widely adopted infraspecific system of classification. Forms with red-colored ray laminae, known from cultivation and occasionally seen escaped, trace their ancestry to a single original mutant plant. It hybridizes with many of the other annual species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus microcephalus is distinguished by its relatively small heads, which have relatively few phyllaries, ray florets, and disc florets, as well as the usually tomentulose abaxial faces of the leaves. Hybrids with H. divaricatus are known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 149. | FNA vol. 21, p. 163. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. annuus subsp. jaegeri, H. annuus subsp. lenticularis, H. annuus var. lenticularis, H. annuus var. macrocarpus, H. annuus subsp. texanus, H. aridus, H. jaegeri, H. lenticularis, H. macrocarpus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 904. (1753) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 329. (1842) |
Web links |
|