Helianthus annuus |
Helianthus laciniatus |
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common sunflower, hairy leaf sunflower, sunflower |
alkali sunflower |
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Habit | Annuals, 100–300 cm. | Perennials, 50–120(–200) cm. |
Stems | erect, usually hispid. |
erect, usually strigose or hispid to glabrate. |
Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–20 cm; blades lance-ovate to ovate, 10–40 × 5–40 cm, bases cuneate to subcordate or cordate, margins serrate, abaxial faces usually ± hispid, sometimes gland-dotted. |
cauline; opposite or alternate; sessile; blades (green or grayish, 1- or 3-nerved) lanceolate, 5–9 × 0.5–3.5 cm, bases ± cuneate, margins entire or irregularly toothed to lobed, faces strigose to strumose, gland-dotted (adaxial sometimes glaucous). |
Peduncles | 2–20 cm. |
4–13 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric or broader, 15–40(–200+) mm diam. |
hemispheric, 10–24 mm diam. |
Ray florets | (13–)17–30(–100+); laminae 25–50 mm. |
14–20; laminae ca. 8–11 mm. |
Disc florets | 150+(–1000+); corollas 5–8 mm (throats ± bulbous at bases), lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers brownish to black, appendages yellow or dark (style branches yellow). |
40+; corollas 4.8–5.8 mm, lobes reddish; anthers purplish, appendages reddish (style branches yellow). |
Phyllaries | 20–30(–100+), ovate to lance-ovate, 13–25 × (3–)5–8 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices abruptly narrowed, long-acuminate, abaxial faces usually hirsute to hispid, rarely glabrate or glabrous, usually gland-dotted. |
16–21, lanceolate, 6–7.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm (often subequal), (margins ciliate) apices acute, abaxial faces hispidulous or strigose to glabrate, gland-dotted. |
Heads | 1–9. |
1–9. |
Cypselae | (3–)4–5(–15) mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 lanceolate scales 2–3.5 mm plus 0–4 obtuse scales 0.5–1 mm. |
2.7–3.5 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2(–3) aristate scales 1.4–2.5 mm. |
Paleae | 9–11 mm, 3-toothed (middle teeth long-acuminate, glabrous or hispid). |
7–7.8 mm, entire or 3-toothed (apices obtuse to acute, hispid-ciliate to glabrate). |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus annuus |
Helianthus laciniatus |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Open areas | Open, dry, alkaline soils |
Elevation | 0–3000 m [0–9800 ft] | 1000–1200 m [3300–3900 ft] |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Mexico; intoduced nearly worldwide
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NM; TX; Mexico
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Discussion | Helianthus annuus is widely distributed, including weedy, cultivated, and escaped plants. It is the only native North American species to become a major agronomic crop. Despite its considerable variability, attempts have failed to produce a widely adopted infraspecific system of classification. Forms with red-colored ray laminae, known from cultivation and occasionally seen escaped, trace their ancestry to a single original mutant plant. It hybridizes with many of the other annual species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Helianthus laciniatus reaches the northern extent of its range in New Mexico and Texas; it is relatively common in the Chihuahuan Desert areas of Mexico. It is similar to H. ciliaris; it usually has hairy stems as well as denser leaf indument that includes a greater number of subsessile, glandular hairs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 149. | FNA vol. 21, p. 169. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. annuus subsp. jaegeri, H. annuus subsp. lenticularis, H. annuus var. lenticularis, H. annuus var. macrocarpus, H. annuus subsp. texanus, H. aridus, H. jaegeri, H. lenticularis, H. macrocarpus | H. crenatus, H. heiseri |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 904. (1753) | A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 84. (1849) |
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