Helianthus annuus |
Helianthus cusickii |
|
---|---|---|
common sunflower, hairy leaf sunflower, sunflower |
Cusick's sunflower, turnip-root sunflower |
|
Habit | Annuals, 100–300 cm. | Perennials, 60–120 cm (taproots stout, parsniplike). |
Stems | erect, usually hispid. |
erect to prostrate, glabrous or glabrate. |
Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–20 cm; blades lance-ovate to ovate, 10–40 × 5–40 cm, bases cuneate to subcordate or cordate, margins serrate, abaxial faces usually ± hispid, sometimes gland-dotted. |
cauline; mostly opposite, petioles 0–1 cm; blades (light to dark green, 3-nerved at bases) lance-linear to lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.5–2.5 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire, abaxial faces glabrous or scabro-hispid, gland-dotted. |
Peduncles | 2–20 cm. |
2–10 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric or broader, 15–40(–200+) mm diam. |
hemispheric, 12–28 mm diam. |
Ray florets | (13–)17–30(–100+); laminae 25–50 mm. |
12–16; laminae 20–35 mm (abaxial faces gland-dotted). |
Disc florets | 150+(–1000+); corollas 5–8 mm (throats ± bulbous at bases), lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers brownish to black, appendages yellow or dark (style branches yellow). |
40+; corollas 6.5–7.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers usually dull orange or orange-brown, sometimes yellowish, appendages dull orange to yellowish. |
Phyllaries | 20–30(–100+), ovate to lance-ovate, 13–25 × (3–)5–8 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices abruptly narrowed, long-acuminate, abaxial faces usually hirsute to hispid, rarely glabrate or glabrous, usually gland-dotted. |
12–18, lanceolate, 11–18 × 1.5–3 mm, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces gland-dotted. |
Heads | 1–9. |
1–3. |
Cypselae | (3–)4–5(–15) mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 lanceolate scales 2–3.5 mm plus 0–4 obtuse scales 0.5–1 mm. |
4–5 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate scales 3–4.2 mm. |
Paleae | 9–11 mm, 3-toothed (middle teeth long-acuminate, glabrous or hispid). |
(lanceolate) 9–13 mm, subentire or 3-toothed (apices sparsely hairy, sometimes gland-dotted). |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus annuus |
Helianthus cusickii |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Open areas | Dry slopes, open woods |
Elevation | 0–3000 m [0–9800 ft] | 600–2000 m [2000–6600 ft] |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Mexico; intoduced nearly worldwide
|
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA
|
Discussion | Helianthus annuus is widely distributed, including weedy, cultivated, and escaped plants. It is the only native North American species to become a major agronomic crop. Despite its considerable variability, attempts have failed to produce a widely adopted infraspecific system of classification. Forms with red-colored ray laminae, known from cultivation and occasionally seen escaped, trace their ancestry to a single original mutant plant. It hybridizes with many of the other annual species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 149. | FNA vol. 21, p. 168. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. annuus subsp. jaegeri, H. annuus subsp. lenticularis, H. annuus var. lenticularis, H. annuus var. macrocarpus, H. annuus subsp. texanus, H. aridus, H. jaegeri, H. lenticularis, H. macrocarpus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 904. (1753) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 413. (1886) |
Web links |
|