Helianthus annuus |
Helianthus anomalus |
|
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common sunflower, hairy leaf sunflower, sunflower |
anomalous sunflower, western sunflower |
|
Habit | Annuals, 100–300 cm. | Annuals, 25–60 cm. |
Stems | erect, usually hispid. |
erect, sparsely hispid. |
Leaves | mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–20 cm; blades lance-ovate to ovate, 10–40 × 5–40 cm, bases cuneate to subcordate or cordate, margins serrate, abaxial faces usually ± hispid, sometimes gland-dotted. |
mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1.2–5 cm; blades ovate to lance-ovate, 4.5–13 × 1–4 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire, abaxial faces sparsely hispid, not gland-dotted. |
Peduncles | 2–20 cm. |
4–9 cm. |
Involucres | hemispheric or broader, 15–40(–200+) mm diam. |
hemispheric, 20–27 mm diam. |
Ray florets | (13–)17–30(–100+); laminae 25–50 mm. |
7–12; laminae 18–37 mm. |
Disc florets | 150+(–1000+); corollas 5–8 mm (throats ± bulbous at bases), lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers brownish to black, appendages yellow or dark (style branches yellow). |
25+; corollas 6.8–7.5 mm, lobes reddish; anthers dark, appendages dark (style branches reddish). |
Phyllaries | 20–30(–100+), ovate to lance-ovate, 13–25 × (3–)5–8 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices abruptly narrowed, long-acuminate, abaxial faces usually hirsute to hispid, rarely glabrate or glabrous, usually gland-dotted. |
11–23, laceolate to lance-linear or lance-ovate, 17–33 × 1–2.9 mm (notably surpassing discs), (margins ± ciliate) apices attenuate, abaxial faces usually sparsely hispid to hispidulous. |
Heads | 1–9. |
usually borne singly. |
Cypselae | (3–)4–5(–15) mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 lanceolate scales 2–3.5 mm plus 0–4 obtuse scales 0.5–1 mm. |
4.6–9 mm, appressed hairy; pappi of 2 linear scales 2–4.5 mm plus 4–6 scales 1–3.5 mm. |
Paleae | 9–11 mm, 3-toothed (middle teeth long-acuminate, glabrous or hispid). |
7–8 mm, apices 3-toothed (middle teeth attenuate, apices purplish, ± hispid). |
2n | = 34. |
= 34. |
Helianthus annuus |
Helianthus anomalus |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering spring–fall. |
Habitat | Open areas | Sand dunes |
Elevation | 0–3000 m [0–9800 ft] | 1300–1500 m [4300–4900 ft] |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Mexico; intoduced nearly worldwide
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AZ; UT |
Discussion | Helianthus annuus is widely distributed, including weedy, cultivated, and escaped plants. It is the only native North American species to become a major agronomic crop. Despite its considerable variability, attempts have failed to produce a widely adopted infraspecific system of classification. Forms with red-colored ray laminae, known from cultivation and occasionally seen escaped, trace their ancestry to a single original mutant plant. It hybridizes with many of the other annual species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
L. H. Rieseberg (1991) provided evidence that Helianthus anomalus is a hybrid species derived from H. annuus and H. petiolaris, and subsequent work has confirmed and extended that hypothesis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 149. | FNA vol. 21, p. 154. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | H. annuus subsp. jaegeri, H. annuus subsp. lenticularis, H. annuus var. lenticularis, H. annuus var. macrocarpus, H. annuus subsp. texanus, H. aridus, H. jaegeri, H. lenticularis, H. macrocarpus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 904. (1753) | S. F. Blake: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 333. (1931) |
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