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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed

savanna sneezeweed, savannah sneezeweed, spring sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–100 cm. Perennials, 30–80 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

usually 1, usually unbranched distally, weakly winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy;

basal blades obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire or undulate to undulate-serrate;

proximal and mid blades usually narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire, sometimes toothed;

distal blades lance-linear, entire.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

2–23 cm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy.

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

hemispheric, 10–17 × 15–27 mm.

Ray florets

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

13–30, neuter;

corollas yellow, 15–21 × 5–10 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

150–650(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 4.6–6 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Heads

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly.

Cypselae

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

1–1.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi of usually 8 entire or lacerate, non-aristate scales 1.5–2 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 34.

Helenium flexuosum

Helenium vernale

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct). Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Ditches, fields, washes, along streams Ditches, other moist areas such as wet woods, bogs, and swamp edges
Elevation 10–900 m (0–3000 ft) 10–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The name Helenium nuttallii A. Gray is illegitimate; it has been applied to plants treated here as H. vernale.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 429.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. virginicum
Synonyms H. nudiflorum
Name authority Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) Walter: Fl. Carol., 210. (1788)
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