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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed

longdisk sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–100 cm. Annuals, 30–100 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

usually 1, branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

blades narrowly elliptic to lance-linear, usually entire;

proximal blades sometimes pinnately lobed.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

3–13 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

ovoid to conic, 7–11(–14) × 6–11 mm.

Ray florets

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

10–15, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 7–12.4 × 4–8.8 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

225–500+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to reddish brown distally, 1.1–1.8 mm, lobes 4.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) sparsely to densely hairy.

Heads

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

5–15(–50+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

0.6–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of usually 6 entire, non-aristate scales 0.1–0.3 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 26.

Helenium flexuosum

Helenium quadridentatum

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct). Flowering Mar–Jun (year round).
Habitat Ditches, fields, washes, along streams Sandy or clay soils, ditches, around ponds and lakes, along streams
Elevation 10–900 m (0–3000 ft) 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; LA; MS; PA; TX; Mexico; West Indies (Cuba); Central America (Belize, Guatemala)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Helenium quadridentatum is introduced in Pennsylvania.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 434.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Synonyms H. nudiflorum
Name authority Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) Labillardière: Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 22, plate 4. (1792)
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