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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed

southeastern sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–100 cm. Perennials, 30–80 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

usually 1, usually unbranched distally, weakly winged, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy;

basal blades obovate to oblanceolate, usually pinnatifid, sometimes undulate to undulate-serrate, rarely entire;

proximal and mid blades linear-oblanceolate to lance-linear, entire or undulate-serrate;

distal blades lance-linear, entire.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

3–20 cm, moderately to densely hairy.

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

hemispheric, 12–20 × 15–30 mm.

Ray florets

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

13–34, neuter;

corollas yellow, 15–22 × 5–8 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

250–650(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 4–5.5 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

moderately hairy.

Heads

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly.

Cypselae

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

1.2–1.4 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 8–11 entire or slightly lacerate, non-aristate scales 1.2–1.5 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 32, 34.

Helenium flexuosum

Helenium pinnatifidum

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct). Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Apr(–May).
Habitat Ditches, fields, washes, along streams Ditches, other moist areas such as wet woods, bogs, and swamp edges
Elevation 10–900 m (0–3000 ft) 10–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
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from FNA
FL; GA; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 429.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Synonyms H. nudiflorum Leptopoda pinnatifida
Name authority Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) (Schweinitz ex Nuttall) Rydberg: in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 130. (1915)
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