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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed

littlehead tarweed, smallhead sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–100 cm. Annuals, 25–120 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

1(2–10), branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy (basal withered by flowering);

proximal and mid blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, usually serrate to undulate-serrate, sometimes deeply toothed or laciniate;

distal blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, serrate to undulate-serrate.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

1.8–8 cm, moderately hairy.

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

globoid to usually ovoid, 4–12 × 4–12 mm.

Ray florets

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

7–13, pistillate, fertile;

corollas usually yellow throughout, sometimes reddish proximally and yellow distally, 2.6–9.1 × 1.5–6.7 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

120–400+;

corollas yellow to yellow-green proximally, brown to reddish brown distally, 1.2–2.4 mm, lobes (4–)5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) moderately hairy.

Heads

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

20–300+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

0.7–1.4 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of usually 6 entire, non-aristate scales (0.2–)0.3–0.7 mm.

2n

= 28.

Helenium flexuosum

Helenium microcephalum

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct).
Habitat Ditches, fields, washes, along streams
Elevation 10–900 m (0–3000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Peduncles 1–3.5 cm, projecting terminal heads barely beyond foliage; involucres 4–8 × 4–8 mm
var. microcephalum
1. Peduncles 1.5–8 cm, usually projecting terminal heads well beyond foliage; involucres 8–12 × 8–12 mm
var. oöclinium
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 433.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
H. microcephalum var. microcephalum, H. microcephalum var. oöclinium
Synonyms H. nudiflorum
Name authority Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 667. (1836)
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