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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed

slimleaf sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–100 cm. Annuals, 20–80 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

usually 1, branched distally, narrowly winged, sparsely hairy proximally, moderately hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

glabrous or sparsely hairy (basal withered by flowering);

proximal blades lance-linear, usually coarsely or irregularly laciniate;

mid and distal blades lance-linear to linear, entire.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

2–8 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

globose to slightly ovoid, 6–11(–13) × 6–11(–13) mm.

Ray florets

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

8–9, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow throughout or red proximally and yellow distally or red throughout, 6–12 × 3–8 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

150–300(–500+);

corollas yellow-green proximally, brown to purple distally, 2.5–3.2 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

moderately hairy.

Heads

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

5–50(–100+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6(–7) entire, aristate scales 2–2.5 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Helenium flexuosum

Helenium linifolium

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct). Flowering (Feb–)Mar–May(–Jul).
Habitat Ditches, fields, washes, along streams Sandy soils, ditches, open pastures, edges of ponds and streams
Elevation 10–900 m (0–3000 ft) 10–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 433.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Synonyms H. nudiflorum
Name authority Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) Rydberg: in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 125. (1915)
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