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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed

pretty sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–100 cm. Annuals, 20–120 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

usually 1, branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

glabrous or sparsely hairy (basal withered by flowering);

proximal and mid blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, entire, serrate, or irregularly toothed or lobed;

distal blades lanceolate to linear, entire.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

2–14 cm, moderately to densely hairy.

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

globoid, 5–11 × 5–12(–13) mm.

Ray florets

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

10–17, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow throughout or red-brown to red proximally and yellow distally, 5.5–15(–19) × 2.2–5.5(–8.7) mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

150–700+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to usually reddish brown distally, 1.5–2.3(–2.5) mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

Heads

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

20–200+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

0.6–1 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6–7 entire, non-aristate scales 0.05–0.3(–0.4) mm.

2n

= 28.

Helenium flexuosum

Helenium elegans

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct).
Habitat Ditches, fields, washes, along streams
Elevation 10–900 m (0–3000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; OK; TX; n Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Proximal leaves usually entire, rarely serrate; involucres 5–8 × 5–8 mm
var. elegans
1. Proximal leaves usually irregularly toothed or lobed; involucres 7–11 × 8–12(–13) mm
var. amphibolum
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 433.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
H. elegans var. amphibolum, H. elegans var. elegans
Synonyms H. nudiflorum
Name authority Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 667. (1836)
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