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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed

Bolander's sneezeweed, coast sneezeweed, coast sneezweed, coastal sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–100 cm. Perennials, 25–140 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

usually 1, usually unbranched distally, weakly winged, glabrous proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

basal and proximal blades spatulate, entire;

mid and distal blades ovate to oblanceolate to oblong-elliptic, entire.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

10–30(–50) cm, usually densely hairy (tomentose near involucres).

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

depressed hemispheric to globoid, 14–24 × 18–34 mm.

Ray florets

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

15–30, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, (12–)16–28(–37) × 6–13(–25) mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

300–750(–1000+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to purple distally, 4–5(–5.2) mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) usually tomentose.

Heads

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly.

Cypselae

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

1.5–2.5 mm, moderately to densely hairy;

pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales (2.5–)3–4.5 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 32.

Helenium flexuosum

Helenium bolanderi

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct). Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Ditches, fields, washes, along streams Bogs, seepage areas, wet meadows
Elevation 10–900 m (0–3000 ft) 30–200 m (100–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 432.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Synonyms H. nudiflorum
Name authority Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 358. (1868)
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