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hélénie nudiflore, purple sneezeweed, purple-head sneezeweed

Arizona sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–100 cm. Annuals, 30–70 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy proximally, sparsely to moderately hairy distally.

usually 1, sparingly branched distally, weakly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate to obovate or spatulate, entire or serrate;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or toothed;

distal blades lanceolate to lance-linear, entire.

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

blades all lance-linear, entire or coarsely toothed.

Peduncles

3–10 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

4–13 cm, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy.

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 8–17 × 9–17 mm.

globoid to ovoid, 11–16 × 14–20 mm.

Ray florets

usually 8–13, neuter, sometimes 0;

corollas yellow to reddish brown to red to purple, 10–20 × 5–10 mm.

12–18, pistillate, fertile;

corollas usually yellow, sometimes yellow with purple streaks, 10–20 × 5–13 mm.

Disc florets

250–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally and purple distally or purple throughout, 2.3–3.7 mm, lobes 4(–5).

300–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to purple to dark blue-purple distally, 3.2–3.6 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

sparsely to densely hairy.

Heads

(1–)5–50(–80+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

1–15(–25) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 0.6–1(–1.7) mm.

2–2.9 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6–7 entire, aristate scales 1.5–2 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 30.

Helenium flexuosum

Helenium arizonicum

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Oct). Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Ditches, fields, washes, along streams Pine forests, edges of wet places such as bogs, ponds, lakes, ditches
Elevation 10–900 m (0–3000 ft) 1800–2400 m (5900–7900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

It has been suggested that Helenium flexuosum may be of hybrid origin from H. campestre (perennial, 2n = 28) and some member of Helenium sect. Tetrodus (H. F. L. Rock 1957). The only member of sect. Tetrodus that has a chromosome number of 2n = 28 is H. linifolium, an annual from southern Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 432.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Synonyms H. nudiflorum
Name authority Rafinesque: New Fl. 4: 81. (1838) S. F. Blake: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 388. (1937)
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